Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
M2iSH, UMR 1071 Inserm/Université d'Auvergne, USC-INRAE 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Nutrients. 2021 Feb 27;13(3):788. doi: 10.3390/nu13030788.
Obesity, a major public health problem, is the consequence of an excess of body fat and biological alterations in the adipose tissue. Our aim was to determine whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and/or α-linolenic acid supplementation (to equilibrate the n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio) might prevent obesity disorders, particularly by modulating the mucosa-associated microbiota. Wistar rats received a low fat diet (LFD; control) or high fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks to induce obesity. Then, animals in the HFD group were divided in four groups: HFD (control), HFD + linseed oil (LO), HFD + HIIT, HFD + HIIT + LO. In the HIIT groups, rats ran on a treadmill, 4 days.week. Erythrocyte n-3 PUFA content, body composition, inflammation, and intestinal mucosa-associated microbiota composition were assessed after 12 weeks. LO supplementation enhanced α-linolenic acid (ALA) to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) conversion in erythrocytes, and HIIT potentiated this conversion. Compared with HFD, HIIT limited weight gain, fat mass accumulation, and adipocyte size, whereas LO reduced systemic inflammation. HIIT had the main effect on gut microbiota β-diversity, but the HIIT + LO association significantly increased relative abundance. In our conditions, HIIT had a major effect on body fat mass, whereas HIIT + LO improved ALA conversion to DHA and increased the abundance of bacteria in the microbiota.
肥胖是一个主要的公共卫生问题，是体脂肪过多和脂肪组织中生物改变的结果。我们的目的是确定高强度间歇训练（HIIT）和/或α-亚麻酸补充（以平衡 n-6/n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的比例）是否可以预防肥胖症，特别是通过调节黏膜相关微生物群。Wistar 大鼠接受低脂饮食（LFD；对照）或高脂肪饮食（HFD）16 周以诱导肥胖。然后，HFD 组的动物分为四组：HFD（对照）、HFD+亚麻籽油（LO）、HFD+HIIT、HFD+HIIT+LO。在 HIIT 组中，大鼠在跑步机上跑步，每周 4 天。12 周后评估红细胞 n-3 PUFA 含量、身体成分、炎症和肠道黏膜相关微生物群组成。LO 补充增强了红细胞中 α-亚麻酸（ALA）向二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）的转化，而 HIIT 增强了这种转化。与 HFD 相比，HIIT 限制了体重增加、脂肪量积累和脂肪细胞大小，而 LO 降低了全身炎症。HIIT 对肠道微生物群β多样性有主要影响，但 HIIT+LO 关联显著增加了相对丰度。在我们的条件下，HIIT 对体脂肪量有主要影响，而 HIIT+LO 改善了 ALA 向 DHA 的转化，并增加了微生物群中细菌的丰度。
