Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
M2iSH, UMR 1071 Inserm, USC-INRAE 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Nutrients. 2022 Feb 22;14(5):924. doi: 10.3390/nu14050924.
The human gut microbiota is currently the focus of converging interest in many diseases and sports performance. This review presents gut microbiota as a real "orchestra conductor" in the host's physio(patho)logy due to its implications in many aspects of health and disease. Reciprocally, gut microbiota composition and activity are influenced by many different factors, such as diet and physical activity. Literature data have shown that macro- and micro-nutrients influence gut microbiota composition. Cumulative data indicate that gut bacteria are sensitive to modulation by physical activity, as shown by studies using training and hypoactivity models. Sports performance studies have also presented interesting and promising results. Therefore, gut microbiota could be considered a "pivotal" organ for health and sports performance, leading to a new concept: the nutrition-microbiota-physical activity triad. The next challenge for the scientific and medical communities is to test this concept in clinical studies. The long-term aim is to find the best combination of the three elements of this triad to optimize treatments, delay disease onset, or enhance sports performance. The many possibilities offered by biotic supplementation and training modalities open different avenues for future research.
人类肠道微生物群目前是许多疾病和运动表现研究的焦点。本综述将肠道微生物群视为宿主生理（病理）学的真正“指挥家”，因为它涉及健康和疾病的许多方面。反过来，肠道微生物群的组成和活性受到许多不同因素的影响，如饮食和身体活动。文献数据表明，宏观和微观营养素会影响肠道微生物群的组成。累积的数据表明，肠道细菌对身体活动的调节很敏感，这可以通过训练和低活性模型的研究来证明。运动表现的研究也提出了有趣和有前景的结果。因此，肠道微生物群可以被认为是健康和运动表现的“关键”器官，这导致了一个新的概念：营养-微生物群-身体活动三联体。科学界和医学界的下一个挑战是在临床研究中验证这一概念。长期目标是找到这三联体三个要素的最佳组合，以优化治疗效果、延迟疾病发作或提高运动表现。生物补充和训练模式提供了许多可能性，为未来的研究开辟了不同的途径。
