Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
J Biomed Sci. 2021 Mar 5;28(1):17. doi: 10.1186/s12929-021-00716-8.
Innate immunity is the first line of host defense against viral infection. After invading into the cells, pathogen-associated-molecular-patterns derived from viruses are recognized by pattern recognition receptors to activate the downstream signaling pathways to induce the production of type I interferons (IFN-I) and inflammatory cytokines, which play critical functions in the host antiviral innate immune responses. Guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) are IFN-inducible antiviral effectors belonging to the guanosine triphosphatases family. In addition to exerting direct antiviral functions against certain viruses, a few GBPs also exhibit regulatory roles on the host antiviral innate immunity. However, our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of GBPs' roles in viral infection and host antiviral innate immune signaling is still very limited. Therefore, here we present an updated overview of the functions of GBPs during viral infection and in antiviral innate immunity, and highlight discrepancies in reported findings and current challenges for future studies, which will advance our understanding of the functions of GBPs and provide a scientific and theoretical basis for the regulation of antiviral innate immunity.
先天免疫是宿主抵御病毒感染的第一道防线。病毒感染细胞后，模式识别受体识别病毒来源的病原体相关分子模式，激活下游信号通路，诱导 I 型干扰素（IFN-I）和炎症细胞因子的产生，在宿主抗病毒固有免疫反应中发挥关键作用。鸟苷酸结合蛋白（GBP）是属于三磷酸鸟苷酶家族的 IFN 诱导型抗病毒效应物。除了对某些病毒发挥直接抗病毒作用外，少数 GBP 还对宿主抗病毒固有免疫具有调节作用。然而，我们对 GBP 在病毒感染和宿主抗病毒固有免疫信号中的作用的潜在分子机制的理解仍然非常有限。因此，本文对 GBP 在病毒感染和抗病毒固有免疫中的功能进行了综述，并强调了报道结果中的差异和未来研究的挑战，这将有助于我们理解 GBP 的功能，并为抗病毒固有免疫的调节提供科学和理论基础。
