Pinto Andreia, Severo Milton, Oliveira Andreia
Institute of Public Health of the University of Portoa, Porto, Portugal.
Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2021 Nov;75(11):1598-1606. doi: 10.1038/s41430-021-00883-9. Epub 2021 Mar 5.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The usual definition of dietary patterns only accounts for the explanation of dietary choices and not a specific health outcome. This could partially explain the lack of consistent associations between diet and related diseases. This study aims to identify dietary patterns in 7 years olds explaining body mass index (BMI) at age 10 and to assess their association with early-life factors (sociodemographic, birth, and infancy characteristics).
Children from the birth cohort Generation XXI at ages 7 and 10 were included (n = 4698). Diet was assessed by a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Measured BMI z-scores (zBMI) were calculated. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) were run to derive dietary patterns.
The component scores of PCA was able to explain 13.0% of food groups and only 0.2% of zBMI, while the PLS scores explained the variance of both food groups (10.1%) and zBMI at age 10 (4.2%). By using PLS, two dietary patterns were derived, but only one, higher in processed meats and energy-dense foods and lower in vegetable soup consumption, was significantly associated with an increased zBMI in 10 years olds (adjusted β̂ 0.032; 95% CI:0.017; 0.047). It was more likely followed by children from younger and less educated mothers and who were born heavier.
A dietary pattern higher in processed and energy-dense foods and with lower vegetable soup intake in 7 years olds significantly explained zBMI of 10 years olds, and was predicted by early-life characteristics. The other dietary patterns were not significantly associated with zBMI at age 10.
背景/目的：饮食模式的通常定义仅用于解释饮食选择，而非特定的健康结果。这可能部分解释了饮食与相关疾病之间缺乏一致关联的原因。本研究旨在确定7岁儿童的饮食模式，以解释其10岁时的体重指数（BMI），并评估这些模式与早期生活因素（社会人口统计学、出生和婴儿期特征）之间的关联。
纳入来自二十一世纪出生队列中7岁和10岁的儿童（n = 4698）。通过经过验证的食物频率问卷评估饮食情况。计算测量的BMI z评分（zBMI）。进行主成分分析（PCA）和偏最小二乘法（PLS）以得出饮食模式。
PCA的成分得分能够解释13.0%的食物组，但仅能解释0.2%的zBMI，而PLS得分解释了食物组的方差（10.1%）以及10岁时zBMI的方差（4.2%）。通过使用PLS，得出了两种饮食模式，但只有一种模式与10岁儿童zBMI升高显著相关，该模式中加工肉类和能量密集型食物含量较高，蔬菜汤摄入量较低（调整后的β̂为0.032；95%置信区间：0.017；0.047）。母亲年龄较小、受教育程度较低且出生时体重较重的儿童更有可能遵循这种饮食模式。
7岁儿童中加工和能量密集型食物含量较高且蔬菜汤摄入量较低的饮食模式显著解释了10岁儿童的zBMI，并且可由早期生活特征预测。其他饮食模式与10岁时的zBMI无显著关联。
