EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Departmento de Ciêncas da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Departmento de Ciêncas da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
Clin Nutr. 2020 Apr;39(4):1195-1202. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.05.007. Epub 2019 May 10.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Diet is usually represented as single foods or dietary patterns not related with a specific outcome, and its cardiometabolic effects at early ages are not clearly understood. This study aims to assess whether dietary patterns derived at 7 years of age have an effect on cardiometabolic health at 10 year-old.
This study uses data from the Generation XXI birth cohort (northern Portugal, 2005-2006). Dietary data were collected by a validated food frequency questionnaire at 7 year-old and dietary patterns were previously derived through partial least squares (PLS), principal component analysis and latent class analysis. At 10 year-old, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were measured, and blood samples were drawn to analyze cardiometabolic parameters. Linear regression coefficients and 99% confidence intervals [βˆ (99% CI)] were computed (covariates: birth weight, gestational age, physical activity, maternal age and education) (n = 3350).
A dietary pattern that explains the BMI z-score at 10 year-old (PLS-1, characterized by the intake of processed meat, energy-dense foods and low in vegetables) was significantly associated with SBP (βˆ = 0.052, 99% CI:0.022; 0.082), DBP (βˆ = 0.043, 99% CI: 0.022; 0.065), triglycerides (βˆ = 0.065, 99% CI: 0.026; 0.104), HDL-cholesterol (βˆ = -0.059, 99% CI: -0.099; -0.019), LDL-cholesterol (βˆ = 0.040, 99% CI: 0.001; 0.080) and HOMA-IR (βˆ = 0.110, 99% CI: 0.071; 0.149). After further adjustment for BMI at 10 year-old, the magnitude of the associations was weakened. No associations were observed between the other derived dietary patterns and cardiometabolic health.
Adherence at 7 years of age to a dietary pattern rich in energy-dense foods, processed meat and low in vegetables, may increase several cardiometabolic parameters at 10 years of age. BMI at 10 year-old explained part of these effects.
饮食通常被表示为单一的食物或与特定结果无关的饮食模式，其在年轻时的心脏代谢影响尚不清楚。本研究旨在评估 7 岁时得出的饮食模式是否会对 10 岁时的心脏代谢健康产生影响。
本研究使用了来自 21 世纪出生队列（葡萄牙北部，2005-2006 年）的数据。在 7 岁时通过验证过的食物频率问卷收集饮食数据，并通过偏最小二乘法（PLS）、主成分分析和潜在类别分析预先得出饮食模式。在 10 岁时，测量收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP），抽取血液样本以分析心脏代谢参数。计算线性回归系数和 99%置信区间[βˆ（99%CI）]（协变量：出生体重、胎龄、体力活动、母亲年龄和教育）（n=3350）。
一个可解释 10 岁时 BMI z 分数的饮食模式（PLS-1，其特点是摄入加工肉、高热量食物和低蔬菜）与 SBP（βˆ=0.052，99%CI：0.022；0.082）、DBP（βˆ=0.043，99%CI：0.022；0.065）、甘油三酯（βˆ=0.065，99%CI：0.026；0.104）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（βˆ=-0.059，99%CI：-0.099；-0.019）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（βˆ=0.040，99%CI：0.001；0.080）和 HOMA-IR（βˆ=0.110，99%CI：0.071；0.149）显著相关。进一步调整 10 岁时的 BMI 后，关联的幅度减弱。其他饮食模式与心脏代谢健康之间没有观察到关联。
7 岁时摄入富含高热量食物、加工肉和低蔬菜的饮食模式可能会增加 10 岁时的多个心脏代谢参数。10 岁时的 BMI 解释了其中的部分影响。
