Laboratorio de Ictioparasitología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section of Parasitology, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Sapienza-University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Parasitol Res. 2021 May;120(5):1699-1711. doi: 10.1007/s00436-021-07088-w. Epub 2021 Mar 6.
Adult Anisakis Dujardin, 1845 were found in two specimens of killer whale Orcinus orca and one specimen of franciscana Pontoporia blainvillei stranded from off the coast of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Genetic identification of the nematodes (N = 144) was performed by sequence analysis of the mitochondrial (mtDNA cox2) and the nuclear (nas 10 nDNA) gene loci. Anisakis pegreffii and Anisakis berlandi were detected in the two individuals of O. orca, while Anisakis typica and A. pegreffii were identified in P. blainvillei. Morphological and morphometric analysis also carried out on adult specimens of A. pegreffii and A. berlandi has allowed to underlining the usefulness of genetic/molecular markers in their recognition. This represents the first record of A. pegreffii in O. orca and P. blainvillei and of A. berlandi in O. orca. This is also the first sympatric and syntopic occurrence, as adults, of A. pegreffii and A. berlandi from the Austral Region of the Atlantic Ocean waters. These results provide insights into the knowledge of the host ranges and geographical distribution of these parasites in the basin waters of the region. Pontoporia blainvillei showed low abundance values of infection with Anisakis spp., which is the general pattern for coastal dolphins in the area, whereas O. orca harboured higher abundance of Anisakis spp. than those previously recorded among cetacean species in the Argentine Sea. Differences in the Anisakis spp. distribution and their parasitic loads, observed among the three host specimens, are discussed in relation to the oceanographic parameters, as well as to the host ecology. The usefulness of genetic/molecular markers in the recognition of adults of the sibling species A. pegreffii and A. berlandi with considerable overlapping in morphometric and morphological characters was underlined. The distribution of Anisakis species from Southwestern Atlantic waters is discussed in relation to their value as indicators for studies on the zoogeography of their hosts at a regional-scale level.
在阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯省沿海搁浅的两条虎鲸（Orcinus orca）和一条小逆戟鲸（Pontoporia blainvillei）标本中发现了成年的异尖线虫属（Anisakis Dujardin，1845）。通过线粒体（cox2 基因）和核（nas 10 nDNA 基因）基因座的序列分析对（N=144）条线虫进行了遗传鉴定。在两条虎鲸个体中检测到了棘颚口线虫（Anisakis pegreffii）和贝氏异尖线虫（Anisakis berlandi），而在小逆戟鲸中则鉴定出了典型异尖线虫（Anisakis typica）和棘颚口线虫。对棘颚口线虫和贝氏异尖线虫的成虫进行形态和形态测量学分析，也强调了遗传/分子标记在其识别中的有用性。这是棘颚口线虫在虎鲸和小逆戟鲸以及贝氏异尖线虫在虎鲸中的首次记录。这也是在南大西洋地区的水域中首次同时出现成年的棘颚口线虫和贝氏异尖线虫。这些结果为了解这些寄生虫在该地区水域中的宿主范围和地理分布提供了深入的认识。小逆戟鲸的异尖线虫感染率较低，这是该地区沿海海豚的普遍模式，而虎鲸的异尖线虫感染率高于以前在阿根廷海域记录的其他鲸目物种。对三个宿主标本中观察到的异尖线虫属分布和寄生虫负荷的差异，从海洋学参数以及宿主生态学方面进行了讨论。遗传/分子标记在识别具有显著形态和形态特征重叠的棘颚口线虫和贝氏异尖线虫的成虫方面的有用性得到了强调。还讨论了西南大西洋水域的异尖线虫物种的分布与其作为宿主动物动物地理学研究指标的价值之间的关系。
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