Laboratorio de Ictioparasitología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), (7600) Mar del Plata, 3350, Funes, Argentina.
Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Parasit Vectors. 2018 Nov 8;11(1):583. doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-3119-7.
In the marine environment, transitional zones between major water masses harbour high biodiversity, mostly due to their productivity and by containing representatives of species characteristic of adjacent communities. With the aim of assessing the value of larval Anisakis as zoogeographical indicators in a transitional zone between subtropical and sub-Antarctic marine currents, larvae obtained from Zenopsis conchifer were genetically identified. Larvae from Pagrus pagrus and Merluccius hubbsi from two adjacent zoogeographical provinces were also sequenced.
Four species were genetically identified in the whole sample, including Anisakis typica, A. pegreffii, A. berlandi and a probably new species related to A. paggiae. Anisakis typica and A. pegreffii were identified as indicators of tropical/subtropical and sub-Antarctic waters, respectively, and their presence evidenced the transitional conditions of the region. Multivariate analyses on prevalence and mean abundance of Anisakis spp. of 18 samples represented by 9 fish species caught south of 35°S determined that host trophic level and locality of capture were the main drivers of the distribution of parasites across zoogeographical units in the South-West Atlantic.
Most samples followed a clear zoogeographical pattern, but the sample of Z. conchifer, composed mostly of A. typica, was an exception. This finding suggests that population parameters of A. typica and A. pegreffii could differ enough to be considered as a surrogates of the identity of larvae parasitizing a given host population and, therefore, a step forward the validation of the use of larval Anisakis as biological indicators for studies on host zoogeography.
在海洋环境中，主要水体之间的过渡带拥有丰富的生物多样性，这主要是由于其生产力，并包含了相邻群落物种的代表。本研究旨在评估幼虫 Anisakis 作为亚热带和亚南极海流过渡带的生物地理指标的价值，对从 Zenopsis conchifer 中获得的幼虫进行了基因鉴定。还对来自两个相邻生物地理区的 Pagrus pagrus 和 Merluccius hubbsi 的幼虫进行了测序。
在整个样本中鉴定出了 4 个物种，包括 Anisakis typica、A. pegreffii、A. berlandi 和一种可能与 A. paggiae 有关的新种。A. typica 和 A. pegreffii 被鉴定为热带/亚热带和亚南极水域的指示种，它们的存在证明了该地区的过渡条件。对 18 个样本（代表 9 种鱼类）的 Anisakis spp. 的流行率和平均丰度进行的多元分析，这些样本位于南纬 35°以南，结果表明宿主营养级和捕捞地点是寄生虫在西南大西洋生物地理区系中分布的主要驱动因素。
大多数样本都遵循明显的生物地理模式，但 Z. conchifer 的样本除外，该样本主要由 A. typica 组成。这一发现表明，A. typica 和 A. pegreffii 的种群参数可能存在足够大的差异，可以将它们视为寄生给定宿主种群的幼虫身份的替代物，从而为验证幼虫 Anisakis 作为宿主生物地理研究的生物指标的用途迈出了一步。
