Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia.
Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia.
Accid Anal Prev. 2021 May;154:106052. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2021.106052. Epub 2021 Mar 3.
Alcohol is the most frequently detected substance in drivers involved in road traffic collisions. Given that up to 35% of fatal road collisions are alcohol-related, it is important to determine the influence of alcohol intoxication on driving-related skills. This review provides an updated and systematic evaluation of the available research concerning the effect of alcohol intoxication on cognitive functions critical for driving. Databases EBSCOhost, PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus, Transport Research International Documentation (TRID) and Web of Science were searched for controlled trials examining the effect of alcohol on divided attention, executive functioning, perception, psychomotor skills, reaction time and/or vigilance. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. We found that each of the cognitive domains assessed in this review showed impairment at blood alcohol concentrations equal to or below the legal driving limit in many jurisdictions. Future research could determine the effects of alcohol on cognitive functioning with greater accuracy by employing more consistent, reliable and comparable measures while considering the translation of deficits to real-life driving.
酒精是涉及道路交通碰撞的驾驶员中最常检测到的物质。鉴于高达 35%的致命道路碰撞与酒精有关，因此确定酒精中毒对与驾驶相关的技能的影响非常重要。本综述提供了对有关酒精中毒对驾驶相关认知功能影响的现有研究的最新和系统评估。EBSCOhost、PsycInfo、PubMed、Scopus、Transport Research International Documentation (TRID) 和 Web of Science 数据库均针对研究酒精对分散注意力、执行功能、知觉、运动技能、反应时间和/或警觉性影响的对照试验进行了检索。有 14 项研究符合纳入标准并包含在本综述中。我们发现，在许多司法管辖区，在血液酒精浓度等于或低于法定驾驶限值的情况下，本综述评估的每个认知领域都显示出损害。未来的研究可以通过在考虑缺陷向现实驾驶的转化的同时，采用更一致、可靠和可比的措施，更准确地确定酒精对认知功能的影响。
