Department of Critical Care Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Trauma Nova Scotia, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Division of Neurosurgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Accid Anal Prev. 2015 Jul;80:106-16. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.04.005. Epub 2015 Apr 17.
The treatment of alcohol-impaired drivers injured in a motor vehicle collision (MVC) is a complex public health issue. We conducted a systematic review to describe the legal consequences for alcohol-impaired drivers injured in a MVC and taken to a hospital or trauma center. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL databases from inception until August 2014. We included studies that reported legal consequences including charges or convictions of injured drivers taken to a hospital or trauma center after a MVC with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) exceeding the legal limit.Results Twenty-six studies met inclusion criteria; twenty studies were conducted in the USA, five in Canada, and one in Sweden. All were cohort studies (23 retrospective, 3 prospective) and included 11,409 patients overall. A total of 5,127 drivers had a BAC exceeding the legal limit, with legal consequences reported in 4937 cases. The median overall DUI/DWI conviction rate was 13% (range 0-85%). The median percentage of drivers with a previous conviction on their record for driving under the influence (DUI) or driving while intoxicated (DWI) was 15.5% (range 6-40%). The median percentage of drivers convicted again for DUI/DWI during the study period was 3.5% (range 2-10%). Heterogeneity between study designs, legal jurisdictions, institutional procedures and policies for obtaining a legally admissible BAC measurement precluded a meta-analysis. Conclusions The majority of intoxicated drivers injured in MVCs and seen in the emergency department are never charged or convicted. A substantial proportion of injured intoxicated drivers had more than one conviction for DUI/DWI on their police record.
治疗在机动车碰撞（MVC）中受伤的酒精中毒驾驶员是一个复杂的公共卫生问题。我们进行了系统评价，以描述在 MVC 中受伤并被送往医院或创伤中心的酒精中毒驾驶员的法律后果。
我们搜索了 MEDLINE、Embase 和 CINAHL 数据库，检索时间从建库开始到 2014 年 8 月。我们纳入了报告法律后果的研究，包括 MVC 后血液酒精浓度（BAC）超过法定限制并被送往医院或创伤中心的受伤驾驶员的指控或定罪。
26 项研究符合纳入标准；20 项研究在美国进行，5 项在加拿大进行，1 项在瑞典进行。所有研究均为队列研究（23 项回顾性研究，3 项前瞻性研究），共纳入 11409 例患者。共有 5127 名驾驶员 BAC 超过法定限制，报告了 4937 例法律后果。整体 DUI/DWI 定罪率中位数为 13%（范围 0-85%）。有先前因 DUI 或 DWI 而被定罪记录的驾驶员中位数百分比为 15.5%（范围 6-40%）。在研究期间因 DUI/DWI 再次被定罪的驾驶员中位数百分比为 3.5%（范围 2-10%）。研究设计、法律司法管辖区、获取法定可接受 BAC 测量的机构程序和政策之间的异质性使得无法进行荟萃分析。
在 MVC 中受伤并在急诊室就诊的大多数醉酒驾驶员从未被指控或定罪。大量受伤的醉酒驾驶员在警察记录中因 DUI/DWI 而被定罪不止一次。
