De Silva Shamali, Ball Andrew S, Shahsavari Esmaeil, Indrapala Demidu V, Reichman Suzie M
School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia.
School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia.
Environ Pollut. 2021 May 15;277:116744. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116744. Epub 2021 Feb 22.
Motor vehicles emit a variety of pollutants including metals, petroleum hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The relationships between metals, petroleum hydrocarbons and PAHs, soil respiration and microbial diversity (fungi and bacteria) were studied using control (n = 3) and roadside soils (n = 27) with different exposure periods to vehicle emissions (2-63 years). Bacterial diversity was found to be higher than control sites (P = 0.002) but was the same across different categories of road age (P = 0.328). Significant (r = -0.49, P = 0.007) contrasting behaviour of fungal and bacterial diversity was reported, with diversity increasing across all road types for bacteria and decreasing across all road types for fungi compared to control soils. Analysis of the bacterial community identified three distinct clusters, separated on age of contamination, suggesting that roadside bacterial communities change over time with pollution from vehicles with the potential development of metal resistant bacteria in roadside soils. In contrast, for fungal communities, a reduction in diversity with time of exposure to roadside vehicle emissions was observed suggesting the potential for reduced ecosystem functionality and soil health in roadside soils. This is the first study in the published literature to include both bacterial and fungal responses from aged roadside soils. The results from this study suggest that normal functionality of soil ecosystem services is being affected in roadside soils, potentially globally.
机动车排放包括金属、石油烃和多环芳烃（PAHs）在内的多种污染物。利用对照土壤（n = 3）和路边土壤（n = 27），研究了金属、石油烃和PAHs与土壤呼吸及微生物多样性（真菌和细菌）之间的关系，这些路边土壤具有不同的车辆排放暴露期（2至63年）。研究发现细菌多样性高于对照地点（P = 0.002），但在不同道路年限类别中相同（P = 0.328）。据报道，真菌和细菌多样性存在显著的（r = -0.49，P = 0.007）对比行为，与对照土壤相比，所有道路类型的细菌多样性均增加，而真菌多样性均降低。对细菌群落的分析确定了三个不同的聚类，按污染年限分开，这表明路边细菌群落随车辆污染而随时间变化，路边土壤中可能会出现耐金属细菌。相比之下，对于真菌群落，观察到随着暴露于路边车辆排放的时间增加，多样性降低，这表明路边土壤中生态系统功能和土壤健康可能会降低。这是已发表文献中第一项同时包括老化路边土壤中细菌和真菌响应的研究。这项研究的结果表明，路边土壤中土壤生态系统服务的正常功能正在受到影响，这可能是全球性的。
