Ivashchenko Kristina V, Korneykova Maria V, Sazonova Olesya I, Vetrova Anna A, Ermakova Anastasia O, Konstantinov Pavel I, Sotnikova Yulia L, Soshina Anastasia S, Vasileva Maria N, Vasenev Viacheslav I, Gavrichkova Olga
Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia.
Agro-Technology Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Jan 31;11(3):402. doi: 10.3390/plants11030402.
The phylloplane is an integrated part of green infrastructure which interacts with plant health. Taxonomic characterization of the phylloplane with the aim to link it to ecosystem functioning under anthropogenic pressure is not sufficient because only active microorganisms drive biochemical processes. Activity of the phylloplane remains largely overlooked. We aimed to study the interactions among the biological characteristics of the phylloplane: taxonomic diversity, functional diversity and activity, and the pollution grade. Leaves of were sampled in Moscow at increasing distances from the road. For determination of phylloplane activity and functional diversity, a MicroResp tool was utilized. Taxonomic diversity of the phylloplane was assessed with a combination of microorganism cultivation and molecular techniques. Increase of anthropogenic load resulted in higher microbial respiration and lower DNA amount, which could be viewed as relative inefficiency of phylloplane functioning in comparison to less contaminated areas. Taxonomic diversity declined with road vicinity, similar to the functional diversity pattern. The content of Zn in leaf dust better explained the variation in phylloplane activity and the amount of DNA. Functional diversity was linked to variation in nutrient content. The fraction of pathogenic fungi of the phylloplane was not correlated with any of the studied elements, while it was significantly high at the roadsides. The bacterial classes and , as well as the class of fungi, are exposed to the maximal effect of distance from the highway. This study demonstrated the sensitivity of the phylloplane to road vicinity, which combines the effects of contaminants (mainly Zn according to this study) and potential stressful air microclimatic conditions (e.g., low relative air humidity, high temperature, and UV level). Microbial activity and taxonomic diversity of the phylloplane could be considered as an additional tool for bioindication.
叶表是绿色基础设施的一个组成部分，与植物健康相互作用。旨在将叶表与人为压力下的生态系统功能联系起来的分类学特征描述并不充分，因为只有活性微生物驱动生化过程。叶表的活性在很大程度上仍被忽视。我们旨在研究叶表的生物学特性之间的相互作用：分类多样性、功能多样性和活性，以及污染程度。在莫斯科，从道路起以增加的距离对[具体植物名称未给出]的叶子进行采样。为了测定叶表活性和功能多样性，使用了MicroResp工具。结合微生物培养和分子技术评估叶表的分类多样性。人为负荷的增加导致微生物呼吸增加和DNA含量降低，这可被视为与污染较轻地区相比叶表功能的相对低效。分类多样性随靠近道路而下降，与功能多样性模式相似。叶尘中锌的含量能更好地解释叶表活性和DNA含量的变化。功能多样性与养分含量的变化有关。叶表致病真菌的比例与任何研究元素均无相关性，而在路边显著较高。细菌类[具体细菌类未给出]以及真菌的[具体真菌类未给出]类，受到距高速公路距离的最大影响。本研究证明了叶表对靠近道路的敏感性，这结合了污染物（根据本研究主要是锌）和潜在的应激性空气微气候条件（例如低相对空气湿度、高温和紫外线水平）的影响。叶表的微生物活性和分类多样性可被视为生物指示的一种额外工具。
