Department of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Calwerstr. 7, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Calwerstraße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
BMC Pediatr. 2021 Mar 6;21(1):111. doi: 10.1186/s12887-021-02578-3.
Offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have an increased risk of neonatal complications like birth trauma due to macrosomia or postnatal hypoglycemia, as well as long-term metabolic sequelae. Neonatal body composition may be a sensitive marker of metabolic effects on the fetus caused by suboptimal glycemic control during pregnancy.
To determine body composition in offspring of mothers with GDM compared to a reference cohort of healthy term neonates and to assess whether increased body fat would be associated with postnatal hypoglycemia.
This prospective, observational, cross-sectional study included 311 full-term, singleton infants born between June 2014 and July 2015. Body composition was measured within 96 h of birth using air displacement plethysmography. Results are indicated as median (1st Quartile - 3rd Quartile).
Of 311 infants, 40 (12.9%) were born to mothers with GDM. Birth weight standard deviation scores (SDS) (0.24 vs. - 0.07, p = 0.04), fat mass (370 g vs. 333 g, p = 0.02) as well as fat mass/total body mass (BF%; 11.4% vs. 10.8%, p = 0.03) were significantly higher in infants following maternal GDM than in controls. In GDM offspring, anthropometric parameters, fat mass or BF% did not differ between infants with or without postnatal hypoglycemia. In this cohort, SDS for birth weight, fat mass, fat free mass, BF% or postnatal hypoglycemia were not associated with maternal blood glucose levels measured at an oral glucose tolerance test.
SDS for birth weight, neonatal fat mass, and BF% were significantly higher in newborns following maternal GDM. In these infants born to mothers with GDM, body composition did not differ between those with or without postnatal hypoglycemia.
患有妊娠糖尿病（GDM）的母亲所生的后代，由于胎儿过大而导致出生创伤，或由于出生后低血糖，以及长期代谢后遗症的风险增加。新生儿的身体成分可能是一个敏感的指标，可以衡量怀孕期间血糖控制不佳对胎儿代谢的影响。
与健康足月新生儿的参考队列相比，确定患有 GDM 的母亲所生后代的身体成分，并评估脂肪增加是否与出生后低血糖有关。
这是一项前瞻性、观察性、横断面研究，纳入了 2014 年 6 月至 2015 年 7 月间出生的 311 名足月、单胎婴儿。在出生后 96 小时内使用空气置换体描记法测量身体成分。结果以中位数（1 四分位数-3 四分位数）表示。
311 名婴儿中，有 40 名（12.9%）的母亲患有 GDM。GDM 组新生儿出生体重标准差评分（SDS）较高（0.24 比-0.07，p=0.04），脂肪量（370 克比 333 克，p=0.02）以及脂肪量/总体重（BF%；11.4%比 10.8%，p=0.03）均显著高于对照组。在 GDM 组中，有或没有出生后低血糖的婴儿之间，在体格参数、脂肪量或 BF%方面没有差异。在本队列中，出生体重、脂肪量、去脂体重、BF%或出生后低血糖的 SDS 与口服葡萄糖耐量试验时测量的母亲血糖水平无关。
患有 GDM 的母亲所生新生儿的出生体重 SDS、新生儿脂肪量和 BF%显著升高。在这些患有 GDM 的母亲所生的婴儿中，出生后低血糖的婴儿与没有低血糖的婴儿之间，身体成分没有差异。
