Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, School of Nursing-Camden, NJ, USA.
Rowan University, Rohrer School of Business, NJ, USA.
J Pediatr Nurs. 2021 Sep-Oct;60:100-108. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.02.013. Epub 2021 Mar 5.
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Most adolescents do not meet the recommended amount of physical activity. Female, Black, and Hispanic students have significantly less physical activity than White male students. Physical activity of Asian or Multiple Race students have not been reported. The purpose of this research is to estimate differences in physical activity by race/ethnicity and gender among US high school students to examine whether Black Hispanic, Asian and multiple race female students and 11th grade and 12th grade female students have significantly lower physical activity levels.
DESIGN/METHODS: This study is a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the high school Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a biennial, nationally representative survey of US high school students. Four waves of data were pooled from 2011 to 2017 YRBS (N = 59,397). Dependent variables were the number of active days per week a student was physically active, and whether the student was physically active for zero, 5 or more, or 7 days per week. Data were analyzed using R software.
Asian students and students in grade 12 had the fewest number of physically active days per week. Female students were less physically active than male students. Significant negative interactions were measured in female gender by race/ethnicity (Black or Hispanic) and female gender by grade levels for the number of physically active days per week and for zero physically active days per week. The gender disparity in physical activity was significantly more pronounced among Black and Hispanic students. The reduction in physical activity by grade level was also significantly greater among female students.
Efforts to increase physical activity are especially needed among Asian, Black, and Hispanic, and upper-grade female students.
Further research is needed to identify explanations and solutions for the significantly lower physical activity among Asians, female minority students, and students in upper grades.
背景/目的：大多数青少年的身体活动量未达到推荐标准。女性、黑人以及西班牙裔学生的身体活动量明显少于白人男性学生。尚未报告亚裔或多种族学生的身体活动情况。本研究旨在估计美国高中生的身体活动量在种族/民族和性别方面的差异，以检验黑人-西班牙裔、亚裔和多种族女性学生以及 11 年级和 12 年级女性学生的身体活动水平是否显著较低。
方法/设计：本研究对美国高中学生健康风险行为调查的横断面数据进行了二次分析，这是一项对美国高中学生进行的两年一次、全国代表性调查。从 2011 年到 2017 年，YRBS（共 59397 名学生）共汇集了四波数据。因变量为学生每周进行身体活动的活跃天数，以及学生每周是否进行零天、5 天或 7 天的身体活动。使用 R 软件对数据进行分析。
亚裔学生和 12 年级学生每周的活跃天数最少。女生的身体活动量少于男生。在每周活跃天数和每周零天活跃天数方面，种族/民族（黑人或西班牙裔）的女性性别和年级水平的女性性别存在显著负交互作用。身体活动方面的性别差距在黑人和西班牙裔学生中更为明显。女生的身体活动量随年级的增加而显著减少。
特别需要努力增加亚裔、黑人和西班牙裔以及高年级女性学生的身体活动量。
需要进一步研究，以确定解释和解决亚裔、少数族裔女性学生以及高年级学生身体活动量显著较低的原因。
