Sedlakova Veronika, McTiernan Christopher, Cortes David, Suuronen Erik J, Alarcon Emilio I
BEaTS Research, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.
Cells Tissues Organs. 2022;211(4):406-419. doi: 10.1159/000512792. Epub 2021 Mar 5.
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Given the limited endogenous regenerative capabilities of cardiac tissue, patient-specific anatomy, challenges in treatment options, and shortage of donor tissues for transplantation, there is an urgent need for novel approaches in cardiac tissue repair. 3D bioprinting is a technology based on additive manufacturing which allows for the design of precisely controlled and spatially organized structures, which could possibly lead to solutions in cardiac tissue repair. In this review, we describe the basic morphological and physiological specifics of the heart and cardiac tissues and introduce the readers to the fundamental principles underlying 3D printing technology and some of the materials/approaches which have been used to date for cardiac repair. By summarizing recent progress in 3D printing of cardiac tissue and valves with respect to the key features of cardiovascular tissue (such as contractility, conductivity, and vascularization), we highlight how 3D printing can facilitate surgical planning and provide custom-fit implants and properties that match those from the native heart. Finally, we also discuss the suitability of this technology in the design and fabrication of custom-made devices intended for the maturation of the cardiac tissue, a process that has been shown to increase the viability of implants. Altogether this review shows that 3D printing and bioprinting are versatile and highly modulative technologies with wide applications in cardiac regeneration and beyond.
心血管疾病是全球死亡的主要原因。鉴于心脏组织的内源性再生能力有限、患者特定的解剖结构、治疗选择的挑战以及用于移植的供体组织短缺，迫切需要新的心脏组织修复方法。3D生物打印是一种基于增材制造的技术，它能够设计出精确控制且空间有序的结构，这可能为心脏组织修复带来解决方案。在这篇综述中，我们描述了心脏和心脏组织的基本形态学和生理学特性，并向读者介绍3D打印技术的基本原理以及迄今为止用于心脏修复的一些材料/方法。通过总结心脏组织和瓣膜3D打印在心血管组织关键特性（如收缩性、传导性和血管化）方面的最新进展，我们强调了3D打印如何能够促进手术规划，并提供与天然心脏相匹配的定制植入物和特性。最后，我们还讨论了该技术在设计和制造用于心脏组织成熟的定制设备方面的适用性，这一过程已被证明可提高植入物的存活率。总的来说，这篇综述表明3D打印和生物打印是多功能且高度可调节的技术，在心脏再生及其他领域有着广泛应用。
