Kiyofuji Satoshi, Kin Taichi, Kakizawa Yukinari, Doke Takehito, Masuda Taisuke, Yamashita Juli, Shono Naoyuki, Nakatomi Hirofumi, Morita Akio, Harada Kanako, Saito Nobuhito
Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Neurosurgery, Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa, Japan.
Oper Neurosurg. 2021 May 13;20(6):565-574. doi: 10.1093/ons/opab012.
Understanding the complex anatomy of neurostructures is very important in various stages of medical education, from medical students to experienced neurosurgeons, and, ultimately, for the knowledge of human beings.
To develop an interactive computer graphics (CG) anatomic head model and present the current progress.
Based on the prior head 3-dimensional CG (3DCG) polygon model, 23 additional published papers and textbooks were consulted, and 2 neurosurgeons and 1 CG technician performed revision and additional polygon modeling. Three independent neurosurgeons scored the clear visibility of anatomic structures relevant to neurosurgical procedures (anterior petrosal and supracerebellar infratentorial approaches) in the integrated 3DCG model (i model) and patients' radiological images (PRIs) such as those obtained from computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and angiography.
The i model consisted of 1155 parts (.stl format), with a total of 313 763 375 polygons, including 10 times more information than the foundation model. The i model was able to illustrate complex and minute neuroanatomic structures that PRIs could not as well as extracranial structures such as paranasal sinuses. Our subjective analysis showed that the i model had better clear visibility scores than PRIs, particularly in minute nerves, vasculatures, and dural structures.
The i model more clearly illustrates minute anatomic structures than PRIs and uniquely illustrates nuclei and fibers that radiological images do not. The i model complements cadaveric dissection by increasing accessibility according to spatial, financial, ethical, and social aspects and can contribute to future medical education.
了解神经结构的复杂解剖学知识在医学教育的各个阶段都非常重要，从医学生到经验丰富的神经外科医生，最终对于人类知识储备而言亦是如此。
开发一种交互式计算机图形（CG）解剖头部模型并展示当前进展。
基于先前的头部三维CG（3DCG）多边形模型，查阅了另外23篇已发表的论文和教科书，2名神经外科医生和1名CG技术人员进行了修订和额外的多边形建模。三名独立的神经外科医生对综合3DCG模型（i模型）和患者的放射影像（PRIs）（如计算机断层扫描、磁共振成像和血管造影所获得的影像）中与神经外科手术相关的解剖结构（岩前和小脑幕下上入路）的清晰可见性进行评分。
i模型由1155个部分（.stl格式）组成，共有313763375个多边形，包含的信息比基础模型多10倍。i模型能够展示PRIs无法显示的复杂且微小的神经解剖结构以及颅外结构，如鼻窦。我们的主观分析表明，i模型的清晰可见性评分高于PRIs，尤其是在微小神经、脉管系统和硬脑膜结构方面。
i模型比PRIs更清晰地展示微小解剖结构，并且独特地展示了放射影像中没有的神经核和纤维。i模型通过在空间、财务、伦理和社会方面提高可及性，对尸体解剖起到补充作用，并有助于未来医学教育。
