Bello Carolina, Cintra Ana Laura P, Barreto Elisa, Vancine Maurício Humberto, Sobral-Souza Thadeu, Graham Catherine H, Galetti Mauro
Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 13506-900 Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
Biol Invasions. 2021;23(3):741-754. doi: 10.1007/s10530-020-02400-8. Epub 2020 Nov 13.
Invasive species can significantly affect native species when their niches are similar. Ecological and morphological similarities between the invasive Australian palm, and the native palm from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, , suggest that they have similar environmental requirements and functional roles (i.e., the function a species performs in an ecosystem). This similarity raises concerns about how the invasive palm could impact the native species in the present and future. We used spatial (species occurrences) and ecological information (frugivory events) to characterize the environmental niche and functional role of the two palms and assess their overlap. In addition, we predicted the potential area of occurrence of each palm within the Brazilian Atlantic Forest under current and future climate conditions.We estimated the environmental conditions used by the invasive plant based on its native distribution only, and based on all areas where the species is able to establish across the globe. We found that the environmental niches of the two palm species overlap up to 39%, which corresponds to 50% of the current geographic distribution of E. edulis in the Atlantic Forest. In the areas where the two species potentially co-occur, the impact of the invasive species on the native should be influenced by the invasive species interactions with frugivores. We found that the frugivory functional role of the two palms was similar (84% overlap) which suggest that might disrupt the seed dispersal of the native palm. However, co-occurrence between the palms may decline with future climate change, as the potentially environmental suitable area for the invasive palm is predicted to decline by 10% to 55%. Evaluating the similarity in both the environmental niche, of the native and global extent, and the functional role of native and invasive plants provides a detailed understanding of the potential impact of invasive species on native species now and in the future.
当入侵物种与本地物种的生态位相似时，它们会对本地物种产生重大影响。入侵的澳大利亚棕榈与巴西大西洋森林的本地棕榈在生态和形态上的相似性表明，它们具有相似的环境需求和功能作用（即物种在生态系统中所发挥的功能）。这种相似性引发了人们对于入侵棕榈在当前及未来如何影响本地物种的担忧。我们利用空间信息（物种分布）和生态信息（食果事件）来描述这两种棕榈的环境生态位和功能作用，并评估它们的重叠情况。此外，我们预测了在当前和未来气候条件下，每种棕榈在巴西大西洋森林内可能出现的区域。我们仅根据入侵植物的原生分布以及该物种在全球能够定殖的所有区域来估计其利用的环境条件。我们发现，这两种棕榈的环境生态位重叠高达39%，这相当于大西洋森林中食用棕榈当前地理分布范围的50%。在这两个物种可能共存的区域，入侵物种对本地物种的影响应受其与食果动物相互作用的影响。我们发现，这两种棕榈的食果功能作用相似（重叠率为84%），这表明入侵棕榈可能会扰乱本地棕榈的种子传播。然而，随着未来气候变化，这两种棕榈的共存情况可能会减少，因为预计入侵棕榈潜在的适宜环境面积将减少10%至55%。评估本地和全球范围内环境生态位以及本地和入侵植物功能作用的相似性，能够详细了解入侵物种当前及未来对本地物种的潜在影响。
