Shichrur Rachel, Ratzon Navah Z, Shoham Arava, Borowsky Avinoam
Occupational Therapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
Occupational Therapy Department, School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.
Front Psychol. 2021 Feb 19;12:596278. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.596278. eCollection 2021.
With age might come a decline in crucial driving skills. The effect of a collision warning system (CWS) on older drivers' head movements behavior at intersections was examined. Twenty-six old-adults, between 55 and 64 years of age, and 16 Older drivers between 65 and 83 years of age, participated in the study. A CWS (Mobileye Inc.) and a front-back in-vehicle camera (IVC) were installed in each of the participants' own vehicles for 6 months. The CWS was utilized to identify unsafe events during naturalistic driving situations, and the IVC was used to capture head direction at intersections. The experimental design was conducted in three phases (baseline, intervention, and carryover), 2 months each. Unsafe events were recorded by the CWS during all phases of the study. In the second phase, the CWS feedback was activated to examine its effect on drivers' head movement' behavior at intersections. Older drivers (65+) drove significantly more hours in total during the intervention phase ( = 79.1 h, = 10) than the baseline phase ( = 39.1 h, = 5.3) and the carryover phase ( = 37.7 h, = 5.4). The study revealed no significant differences between the head movements of older and old-adult drivers at intersections. For intersection on the left direction, a significant improvement in drivers' head movements' behavior was found at T-junctions, turns and four-way intersections from phase 1 to phase 3 ( < 0.01), however, two intersection types presented a decrease along the study phases. The head movements' behavior at roundabouts and merges was better at phase 1 compared to phase 3 ( < 0.01). There was no significant reduction of the mean number of CWS unsafe events across the study phases. The immediate feedback provided by the CWS was effective in terms of participants' head movements at certain intersections but was harmful in others. However, older drivers drove many more hours during the active feedback phase, implying that they trusted the system. Therefore, in the light of this complex picture, using the technological feedback with older drivers should be followed with an additional mediation or follow-up to ensure safety.
随着年龄的增长，关键驾驶技能可能会下降。研究了碰撞预警系统（CWS）对老年驾驶员在十字路口头部运动行为的影响。26名年龄在55至64岁之间的老年人和16名年龄在65至83岁之间的老年驾驶员参与了该研究。在每位参与者自己的车辆中安装了一个CWS（Mobileye公司）和一个前后车载摄像头（IVC），为期6个月。CWS用于识别自然驾驶情况下的不安全事件，IVC用于捕捉十字路口的头部方向。实验设计分三个阶段进行（基线期、干预期和延续期），每个阶段2个月。在研究的所有阶段，CWS都会记录不安全事件。在第二阶段，激活CWS反馈以检查其对驾驶员在十字路口头部运动行为的影响。老年驾驶员（65岁以上）在干预期（ = 79.1小时， = 10）的总驾驶时长显著多于基线期（ = 39.1小时， = 5.3）和延续期（ = 37.7小时， = 5.4）。研究发现，老年驾驶员和老年人在十字路口的头部运动之间没有显著差异。对于向左方向的十字路口，从第1阶段到第3阶段，在T型路口、转弯处和十字路口，驾驶员的头部运动行为有显著改善（ < 0.01），然而，有两种十字路口类型在研究阶段呈现下降趋势。与第3阶段相比，环形交叉路口和汇入处的头部运动行为在第1阶段更好（ < 0.01）。在整个研究阶段，CWS不安全事件的平均数量没有显著减少。CWS提供的即时反馈在某些十字路口对参与者的头部运动有效，但在其他十字路口则有害。然而，老年驾驶员在主动反馈阶段的驾驶时长要多得多，这意味着他们信任该系统。因此，鉴于这种复杂情况，在与老年驾驶员使用技术反馈时，应进行额外的调解或跟进以确保安全。
