Keskinen E, Ota H, Katila A
Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Finland.
Accid Anal Prev. 1998 May;30(3):323-30. doi: 10.1016/s0001-4575(97)00113-9.
A high percentage of older drivers' accidents occur in intersections when entering the traffic or crossing a main road. The problems may be in perception or attention, motor performance or inadequate interaction with other road users. Attempts to explain older drivers' problems have mostly focused on the properties and behaviour of the older drivers only, without considering the interaction between older and younger road users. The descriptions of older drivers' problems in intersections are usually based on accident data. This study aimed to describe the normal behaviour of older drivers, including driving habits, attention patterns and interaction with younger drivers. The driving behaviour of young, old and middle-aged male drivers was studied using video cameras and observers in three T-shaped intersections in Sendai, Japan. The results showed no differences in attention behaviour between the age groups as measured with head movements. The age groups had different acceleration habits and thus different turning time, which also varied depending on whether the vehicle on the main road came from the left or the right. Also the outcome of the turning manoeuvre was dependent on age. The time margins to the vehicles on the main road were shortest when an old driver was turning and a young driver approached on the main road. The time margin between the turning driver and the vehicle approaching on the main road was clearly shorter when the latter vehicle was a motorcycle than if it was a car. The results are discussed in relation to the literature on the risk behaviour of old drivers.
很大比例的老年驾驶员事故发生在进入交通或横穿主干道的十字路口。问题可能出在感知或注意力、运动表现或与其他道路使用者的互动不足上。解释老年驾驶员问题的尝试大多只关注老年驾驶员自身的特性和行为，而没有考虑老年和年轻道路使用者之间的互动。关于老年驾驶员在十字路口问题的描述通常基于事故数据。本研究旨在描述老年驾驶员的正常行为，包括驾驶习惯、注意力模式以及与年轻驾驶员的互动。在日本仙台的三个丁字路口，使用摄像机和观察员对年轻、老年和中年男性驾驶员的驾驶行为进行了研究。结果显示，通过头部动作测量，各年龄组在注意力行为上没有差异。不同年龄组有不同的加速习惯，因此转弯时间也不同，而且转弯时间还因主干道上的车辆是从左边还是右边驶来而有所变化。此外，转弯操作的结果也取决于年龄。当老年驾驶员转弯且年轻驾驶员在主干道上接近时，与主干道上车辆的时间间隔最短。当主干道上接近的车辆是摩托车时，转弯驾驶员与该车辆之间的时间间隔明显比车辆是汽车时要短。结合关于老年驾驶员风险行为的文献对结果进行了讨论。
