Momand Abdul Subor, Mattfeld Elizabeth, Gerra Gilberto, Morales Brian, Browne Thom, Haq Manzoor Ul, O'Grady Kevin E, Jones Hendrée E
UNC Horizons, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UNC at Chapel Hill, Carrboro, NC USA.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna, Austria.
Glob J Pediatr Neonatal Care. 2020 Feb;2(1). doi: 10.33552/gjpnc.2020.02.000527. Epub 2020 Feb 7.
Psychoactive substance use among children in Afghanistan is an issue of concern. Somewhere around 300,000 children in the country have been exposed to opioids that either parents directly provided to them or by passive exposure. Evidence-based and culturally appropriate drug prevention and treatment programs are needed for children and families. The goals of this study were to: (1) examine lifetime psychoactive substance use in girls and boys at treatment entry; and (2) examine differential changes in substance use during and following treatment between girls and boys. Children ages 10-17 years old entering residential treatment were administered the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test for Youth (ASSIST-Y) at pre- and post-treatment, and at three-month follow-up. Residential treatment was 45 days for children and 180 days for adolescents and consisted of a comprehensive psychosocial intervention that included education, life skills, individual and group counseling and, for older adolescents, vocational skills such as embroidery and tailoring. Girls and boys were significantly different regarding lifetime use of five substances at treatment entry, with girls less likely than boys to have used tobacco, cannabis, stimulants, and alcohol, and girls more likely than boys to have used sedatives. Differences between boys and girls were found for past-three-month use of four substances at treatment entry, with girls entering treatment with higher past-three-month use of opioids and sedatives, and boys with higher past-three-month use of tobacco, cannabis, and alcohol. Change over the course of treatment showed a general decline for both girls and boys in the use of these substances. Girls and boys in Afghanistan come to treatment with different substance use histories and differences in past-three-month use. Treatment of children for substance use problems must be sensitive to possible differences between girls and boys in substance use history.
阿富汗儿童使用精神活性物质是一个令人担忧的问题。该国约有30万名儿童接触过阿片类药物，这些药物要么是父母直接提供给他们的，要么是通过被动接触获得的。儿童和家庭需要有循证且适合文化背景的药物预防和治疗项目。本研究的目的是：（1）检查进入治疗时女孩和男孩一生中精神活性物质的使用情况；（2）检查女孩和男孩在治疗期间及治疗后物质使用的差异变化。对进入住院治疗的10至17岁儿童在治疗前、治疗后以及三个月随访时进行青少年酒精、吸烟和物质使用筛查测试（ASSIST-Y）。儿童的住院治疗为期45天，青少年为180天，包括全面的心理社会干预，其中有教育、生活技能、个体和团体咨询，对于年龄较大的青少年，还有刺绣和裁缝等职业技能培训。在进入治疗时，女孩和男孩在五种物质的终生使用情况上存在显著差异，女孩使用烟草、大麻、兴奋剂和酒精的可能性低于男孩，而使用镇静剂的可能性高于男孩。在进入治疗时，女孩和男孩在过去三个月四种物质的使用情况上也存在差异，进入治疗时女孩过去三个月阿片类药物和镇静剂的使用量较高，而男孩过去三个月烟草、大麻和酒精的使用量较高。治疗过程中的变化表明，女孩和男孩使用这些物质的情况总体上都有所下降。阿富汗的女孩和男孩在进入治疗时有着不同的物质使用历史以及过去三个月使用情况的差异。针对儿童物质使用问题的治疗必须对女孩和男孩在物质使用历史上可能存在的差异保持敏感。
