促进青少年和年轻成年人抑郁症状寻求帮助行为的因素和障碍：一项定性研究。
Facilitating factors and barriers in help-seeking behaviour in adolescents and young adults with depressive symptoms: A qualitative study.
机构信息
Amsterdam UMC, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc and Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2021 Mar 8;16(3):e0247516. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247516. eCollection 2021.
OBJECTIVE
Despite the availability of mental health care, only a minority of depressed adolescents and young adults receive treatment. This study aimed to investigate facilitating factors and barriers in help-seeking behaviour of adolescents and young adults with depressive symptoms, using qualitative research methods.
METHODS
In-depth, semi-structured interviews with 32 participants with current or previous depressive symptoms aged 16 to 24 years using thematic content analysis.
FINDINGS
Our sample consisted mainly of adolescents who eventually found their way to professional help. Five main themes in help-seeking by adolescents and young adults were identified: (I) Individual functioning and well-being, (II) Health literacy, (III) Attitudinal aspects, (IV) Surroundings, and (V) Accessibility. Prompts to seek treatment were disease burden and poor academic performance. Health illiteracy negatively influenced treatment-seeking behaviour. Attitudinal aspects either hampered (shame, wanting to handle the problem oneself, negative attitudes towards treatment) or facilitated (positive attitudes towards treatment) help-seeking. Furthermore, adolescents' surroundings (school, family, and peers) appeared to play a critical role in the recognition of depressive symptoms and encouragement to seek help. Barriers regarding accessibility of mental health care were found, whereas direct and easy access to treatment greatly improved mental health care use.
CONCLUSION
Facilitating factors can play a critical role in the help-seeking process of depressed adolescents and young adults, and may guide efforts to increase access to mental health care of this vulnerable age group. In particular, recognition and encouragement from school personnel and peers and easy access to care providers positively influenced help-seeking in our sample. Health illiteracy and attitudinal aspects appeared to be important barriers to seeking treatment and public/school campaigns aimed at reducing health illiteracy and stigma might be necessary to improve treatment-seeking and health care utilization in this age group.
目的
尽管提供了心理健康保健服务，但只有少数抑郁青少年和年轻人接受治疗。本研究旨在使用定性研究方法，调查有抑郁症状的青少年和年轻人寻求帮助行为的促进因素和障碍。
方法
对 32 名 16 至 24 岁的有当前或以前抑郁症状的参与者进行深入、半结构化访谈，采用主题内容分析法。
结果
我们的样本主要由最终找到专业帮助的青少年组成。确定了青少年和年轻人寻求帮助的五个主要主题：（一）个人功能和幸福感，（二）健康素养，（三）态度方面，（四）环境，和（五）可及性。促使寻求治疗的因素是疾病负担和学业成绩不佳。健康素养低下会对寻求治疗的行为产生负面影响。态度方面要么阻碍（羞耻感、想要自己处理问题、对治疗的消极态度），要么促进（对治疗的积极态度）寻求帮助。此外，青少年的环境（学校、家庭和同伴）似乎在识别抑郁症状和鼓励寻求帮助方面起着关键作用。发现了精神卫生保健可及性方面的障碍，而直接和方便地获得治疗大大改善了精神卫生保健的利用。
结论
促进因素在有抑郁症状的青少年和年轻人的寻求帮助过程中起着至关重要的作用，并可能指导努力增加这个弱势群体获得精神卫生保健的机会。特别是，学校人员和同伴的认可和鼓励以及与治疗提供者的便捷联系，对我们样本中的寻求帮助行为产生了积极影响。健康素养和态度方面似乎是寻求治疗的重要障碍，可能需要开展针对减少健康素养和污名的公众/学校运动，以改善这个年龄段的治疗寻求和保健服务利用。
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