Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Regenrative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
Dev Biol. 2021 Jul;475:37-53. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.03.001. Epub 2021 Mar 6.
In recent years, the development of 3D organoids has opened new avenues of investigation into development, physiology, and regenerative medicine. Organoid formation and the process of organogenesis share common developmental pathways; thus, our knowledge of developmental biology can help model the complexity of different organs to refine organoids into a more sophisticated platform. The developmental process is strongly dependent on complex networks and communication of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions among different cell populations and their microenvironment, during embryogenesis. These interactions affect cell behaviors such as proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation. Co-culture systems within the organoid technology were recently developed and provided the highly physiologically relevant systems. Supportive cells including various types of endothelial and stromal cells provide the proper microenvironment, facilitate organoid assembly, and improve vascularization and maturation of organoids. This review discusses the role of the co-culture systems in organoid generation, with a focus on how knowledge of developmental biology has directed and continues to shape the development of more evolved 3D co-culture system-derived organoids.
近年来，3D 类器官的发展为发育、生理学和再生医学的研究开辟了新途径。类器官的形成和器官发生过程共享共同的发育途径；因此，我们对发育生物学的了解可以帮助模拟不同器官的复杂性，将类器官进一步改进为更复杂的平台。在胚胎发生过程中，发育过程强烈依赖于不同细胞群体及其微环境之间细胞-细胞和细胞-基质相互作用的复杂网络和通讯。这些相互作用影响细胞的行为，如增殖、存活、迁移和分化。类器官技术中的共培养系统最近得到了发展，并提供了高度生理相关的系统。支持细胞包括各种类型的内皮细胞和基质细胞，为类器官的组装提供适当的微环境，并促进类器官的血管生成和成熟。本文讨论了共培养系统在类器官生成中的作用，重点介绍了发育生物学的知识如何指导和继续塑造更先进的 3D 共培养系统衍生类器官的发展。
