State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Jul 10;777:146146. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146146. Epub 2021 Feb 28.
Prenatal exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) may cause adverse health outcomes. However, trimester-specific impacts of DEHP exposure on offspring growth from fetal to early childhood stage have not been thoroughly evaluated. In this study, participants who provided a full series of urine specimens at three trimesters were selected from a birth cohort conducted at Wuhan, China from 2014 to 2015. 814 mother-offspring pairs were included in the study. Urinary concentrations of DEHP metabolites were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Z-scores for ultrasound-measured fetal growth parameters at 14.0-18.9, 22.6-27.0, and 29.0-33.9 weeks of gestation, were calculated. Weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) at 6, 12, and 24 months were standardized to z-scores using sex-specific and age-specific WHO child growth standards. Linear regressions with generalized estimating equations were used to assess the relationships of DEHP levels per trimester to fetal growth, birth size, and growth at 6, 12, and 24 months to explore the trimester-specific impacts of DEHP exposure on offspring development. Among males, the1-trimester DEHP was negatively related to fetal growth (β < 0, p < 0.05), but positively related to 24-month BMI. The 2nd-trimester DEHP was negatively related to birth weight and birth length, but positively related to weight gain rates from birth to 24 months old. The 3rd-trimester DEHP was positively (β > 0, p < 0.05) associated with birth weight and BMI at 6 and 12 months. Among females, the 1st-trimester DEHP was associated with increased birth length, while the 2nd-trimester DEHP was negatively associated with BMI at 6 and 12 months. A negative association between DEHP and weight gain rates at 6 months was noted among females. This prospective cohort revealed the sex-specific and trimester-specific relationships of DEHP exposure to offspring growth from fetal to early-childhood stage.
产前暴露于邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）可能会对健康产生不良影响。然而，DEHP 暴露对胎儿到幼儿期后代生长的特定孕期影响尚未得到彻底评估。在这项研究中，我们从 2014 年至 2015 年在中国武汉进行的一项出生队列中选择了在三个孕期均提供了完整系列尿液样本的参与者。共有 814 对母婴纳入研究。使用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定 DEHP 代谢物的尿液浓度。计算 14.0-18.9、22.6-27.0 和 29.0-33.9 孕周超声测量胎儿生长参数的 Z 评分。使用性别特异性和年龄特异性世卫组织儿童生长标准，将 6、12 和 24 月龄的体重、身高和体重指数（BMI）标准化为 z 评分。使用广义估计方程的线性回归来评估每个孕期 DEHP 水平与胎儿生长、出生体重和 6、12 和 24 月龄生长的关系，以探讨 DEHP 暴露对后代发育的孕期特异性影响。在男性中，1 孕期 DEHP 与胎儿生长呈负相关（β<0，p<0.05），但与 24 月龄 BMI 呈正相关。2 孕期 DEHP 与出生体重和出生长度呈负相关，但与出生至 24 月龄的体重增加率呈正相关。3 孕期 DEHP 与 6 月龄和 12 月龄的出生体重和 BMI 呈正相关（β>0，p<0.05）。在女性中，1 孕期 DEHP 与出生长度增加有关，而 2 孕期 DEHP 与 6 月龄和 12 月龄的 BMI 呈负相关。女性中观察到 DEHP 与 6 月龄体重增加率呈负相关。这项前瞻性队列研究揭示了 DEHP 暴露对胎儿到幼儿期后代生长的性别特异性和孕期特异性关系。
