Department of Plant Pathology and Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom; Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2021 Aug;62:102027. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102027. Epub 2021 Mar 5.
The 'zigzag' model formulates some of the fundamental principles underpinning the dynamic interactions between pathogen effectors and plant immunity. As key virulence factors, effectors often exhibit a pattern of rapid evolution, presumably as a result of the host-pathogen arms race. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of mechanisms that may accelerate effector evolution in the highly successful Phytophthora pathogens. Recent findings on epigenetic regulation of effector genes that allows evasion of host recognition and maintenance of cost/benefit balance, and a conserved structural unit in effector proteins that may promote the evolution of virulence activities are highlighted.
“之字形”模型阐述了病原体效应因子与植物免疫之间动态相互作用的一些基本原则。作为关键的毒力因子，效应因子通常表现出快速进化的模式，这可能是宿主-病原体军备竞赛的结果。在这里，我们总结了可能加速高度成功的疫霉菌病原体中效应因子进化的机制的最新知识。强调了效应基因的表观遗传调控，这使得它们能够逃避宿主的识别，并维持成本/收益平衡，以及效应蛋白中保守的结构单元，这可能促进了毒力活性的进化。
