Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India.
Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India.
Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2021;178:99-122. doi: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.12.002. Epub 2021 Jan 18.
CRISPR/Cas has been a very exciting field of research because of its multifaceted applications in biological science for editing genome. This tool can be programmed to target any region of DNA of choice by designing gRNA. The potential of gRNA to recruit a CRISPR-associated protein at a specific genomic site allowed scientists to engineer genome of diverse species for research and development. The application of Cas9 has been further expanded with a recently developed catalytically inactive protein (dead Cas9). CRISPR/dCas system is widely used as a programmable vector to deliver functional cargo (transcriptional effectors) to the desired sites at the genome for targeted transcriptional repression (CRISPR interference, CRISPRi) or activation (CRISPR activation, CRISPRa). It is now possible to regulate gene expression in cells without altering the DNA sequence. These CRISPRi/a toolboxes have explored many unsolved biological issues. Further research on CRISPR system could help diagnose and treat various human diseases.
CRISPR/Cas 是一个非常令人兴奋的研究领域，因为它在编辑基因组的生物科学中有多种应用。通过设计 gRNA，这个工具可以被编程来靶向任何选定的 DNA 区域。gRNA 可以在特定的基因组位点招募一种 CRISPR 相关蛋白，这使得科学家能够为研究和开发而对多种物种的基因组进行工程改造。最近开发的一种无催化活性的蛋白质（失活 Cas9）进一步扩展了 Cas9 的应用。CRISPR/dCas 系统被广泛用作可编程载体，将功能性货物（转录效应物）递送到基因组上的所需位点，以实现靶向转录抑制（CRISPR 干扰，CRISPRi）或激活（CRISPR 激活，CRISPRa）。现在可以在不改变 DNA 序列的情况下调节细胞中的基因表达。这些 CRISPRi/a 工具箱探索了许多未解决的生物学问题。对 CRISPR 系统的进一步研究可能有助于诊断和治疗各种人类疾病。
