Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Health and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota S/n, 57072-970, Maceio, Brazil.
UEB Aquiles Lisboa, Municipal Department of Education, Av. Castelo Branco 250, 65076-090, Sao Luis, Brazil.
Placenta. 2021 Dec;116:38-42. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.02.013. Epub 2021 Feb 25.
Gestational trophoblastic diseases are a group of pregnancy-related disorders, originated from trophoblast cells. They include benign and aggressive tumors, such as the invasive mole, the choriocarcinoma, the placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT), and the epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT). These malignancies are characterized as gestational trophoblastic neoplasm (GTN), rarer, although more dangerous. The diagnosis of GTN is made in most cases by monitoring serum chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) with histological confirmation. The use of specific tissue biomarkers has been increasingly employed as a differential diagnosis, leading to more accurate results and different therapy protocols and prognosis for each GTN. The treatment is based on the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics anatomical staging system and the World Health Organization prognostic score system. If an accurate diagnosis is made and the guidelines followed, the cure for choriocarcinoma and invasive mole cases can reach 98%, whereas PSTT and ETT still present mild success rates. The improved knowledge about GTN and its peculiarities allows physicians to efficiently achieve the differential diagnosis and choose the best available therapy protocol, thus increasing the overall survival of affected women. Nevertheless, obtaining epidemiological data and improving knowledge through basic and translational research are essential to answer open questions on GTN physiopathology, their causes, and cellular behavior.
妊娠滋养细胞疾病是一组与妊娠相关的疾病，起源于滋养细胞。它们包括良性和侵袭性肿瘤，如葡萄胎、绒毛膜癌、胎盘部位滋养细胞肿瘤（PSTT）和上皮样滋养细胞肿瘤（ETT）。这些恶性肿瘤被称为妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤（GTN），虽然罕见，但更危险。大多数情况下，通过监测血清绒毛膜促性腺激素（hCG）并结合组织学确认来诊断 GTN。特异性组织生物标志物的应用越来越多地用于鉴别诊断，从而为每个 GTN 提供更准确的结果和不同的治疗方案和预后。治疗基于国际妇产科联合会解剖分期系统和世界卫生组织预后评分系统。如果做出准确的诊断并遵循指南，绒毛膜癌和侵袭性葡萄胎病例的治愈率可达 98%，而 PSTT 和 ETT 的成功率仍较低。对 GTN 及其特点的深入了解使医生能够有效地进行鉴别诊断，并选择最佳的可用治疗方案，从而提高受影响妇女的总体生存率。然而，获得流行病学数据并通过基础和转化研究提高知识，对于回答 GTN 病理生理学、病因和细胞行为方面的开放性问题至关重要。
