American Medical Association, Chicago, Illinois
Wisconsin School of Business, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
Ann Fam Med. 2021 Mar-Apr;19(2):171-177. doi: 10.1370/afm.2654.
There is an inherent tension between standardization and customization of care delivery processes. The challenge for health care systems is to achieve the right balance. At its best, standardized work can create efficiencies that generate the additional time needed for personalized care. Similarly, at its best, customization allows the people within a system to accommodate the needs, preferences, and circumstances of the unique individuals and local communities they serve. We provide examples and offer principles to decide when standardization offers the most successful path and when customization may be preferred. We believe that, in sum, the balance has shifted too far toward standardization and that a rebalancing toward customization will benefit patients, clinicians, and the health care system.
在医疗服务流程的标准化和定制化之间存在着固有的紧张关系。医疗保健系统面临的挑战是要找到恰当的平衡点。从最好的方面来说，标准化工作可以提高效率，从而为个性化护理腾出所需的额外时间。同样，从最好的方面来说，定制化允许系统内的人员满足他们所服务的独特个体和当地社区的需求、偏好和情况。我们提供了一些示例，并提出了一些原则来决定何时标准化提供最成功的路径，何时定制化可能更可取。我们相信，总的来说，这种平衡已经过于偏向标准化，向定制化的重新平衡将使患者、临床医生和医疗保健系统受益。
