Sharma Shikha, Nayak Sangeeta Umesh, Uppoor Ashita, Rao Satish, Pai Keshava, Natarajan Srikant
Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
Department of General Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2021 Jan 30;11(1):50-57. doi: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_349_20. eCollection 2021 Jan-Feb.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for dementia; it also shares a bidirectional relationship with periodontitis. It is hypothesized that the increased severity of periodontitis is associated with cognitive decline in patients having uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. An added risk for future development as well as progression of dementia may be prophesied in such a scenario. Therefore, the present study was conducted to find a correlation between the cognitive impairment (CI) and periodontitis in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
A total of 160 older adults aged ≥60 years in Mangalore, Karnataka, India, were included in the present analysis. Known T2DM patients aged ≥60 years and diagnosed with periodontitis with a minimum clinical attachment loss (CAL) of ≥2 mm were considered in the present study. Montreal cognitive assessment test assessed the CI. The analysis was carried out using the χ test, an independent -test. Binary logistic regression analysis (enter method) was performed to derive the odds ratios (95% confidence interval).
The study included 160 participants, out of which 120 had CI and 40 did not have CI. A statistically significant association was observed between moderate-to-severe periodontitis, HbA1c levels ≥7%, and CI after excluding the confounding factors like age, gender, diet, lifestyle habits, and education.
In the present study, cognitive impairment was found to coexist with HbA1c levels ≥7% and moderate-to-severe periodontitis in the elderly diabetics. The clinical implication of these findings adds opportunities to form disease modifiable areas in the elderly diabetic population at a risk for the development of dementia. Additionally, the impact of pre-existing CI on progression of periodontitis and vice versa has been discussed.
2型糖尿病是痴呆的重要危险因素；它还与牙周炎存在双向关系。据推测，牙周炎严重程度增加与糖尿病控制不佳患者的认知功能下降有关。在这种情况下，可能预示着未来患痴呆症以及痴呆症进展的额外风险。因此，本研究旨在探讨2型糖尿病患者认知障碍（CI）与牙周炎之间的相关性。
本分析纳入了印度卡纳塔克邦芒格洛尔的160名年龄≥60岁的老年人。本研究纳入了年龄≥60岁且被诊断为牙周炎且临床附着丧失（CAL）至少≥2mm的已知2型糖尿病患者。采用蒙特利尔认知评估测试评估CI。使用χ检验、独立检验进行分析。进行二元逻辑回归分析（进入法）以得出比值比（95%置信区间）。
该研究包括160名参与者，其中120名有CI，40名没有CI。在排除年龄、性别、饮食、生活习惯和教育等混杂因素后，观察到中重度牙周炎、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）水平≥7%与CI之间存在统计学显著关联。
在本研究中，发现老年糖尿病患者的认知障碍与HbA1c水平≥7%以及中重度牙周炎并存。这些发现的临床意义为在有患痴呆症风险的老年糖尿病患者中形成可改变疾病的领域提供了机会。此外，还讨论了既往CI对牙周炎进展的影响以及反之亦然的情况。
