社会支持和心理因素与孕妇健康促进行为之间的关联：一项横断面研究。
The association between social support and psychological factors with health-promoting behaviours in pregnant women: A cross-sectional study.
作者信息
Rashan Nasrin, Sharifi Nasibeh, Fathnezhad-Kazemi Azita, Golnazari Khadijeh, Taheri Safoura
机构信息
Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
出版信息
J Educ Health Promot. 2021 Jan 28;10:9. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_390_20. eCollection 2021.
INTRODUCTION
Health promotion is one of the most important aspects in pregnancy, and health-promoting behaviors are one of the major determinants of health under the influence of various factors. This study aimed to determine the association between social support and psychological factors with health-promoting behaviors in pregnant women.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This cross-sectional was performed on 375 pregnant women when they had 24-28 weeks in Ilam, October 2018 to May 2019. Two-stage cluster sampling was performed after checking the inclusion criteria. Data collection tools consisted of four questionnaires that were completed in self-report form. The collected data were analyzed by the descriptive and inferential tests with the SPSS software version 19.
RESULTS
The mean score of health-promoting behaviors was 139.87 (21.26) and self-healing and physical activity had the highest and the lowest mean 27.67 (4.84) and 16.29 (4.84), respectively. Linear regression analysis showed a significant difference between different level of stress, anxiety, depression, and social support with health-promoting behaviors ( < 0.001). The results showed that one-point increase in the score of stress, anxiety, and depression led to the 2.2%, 6.1%, and 24.1% reduction of health-promoting behaviors, respectively, and one-point score increase in social support resulted in 40% increase in health-promoting behaviors ( < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
A negative association was found between psychological factors and a positive relationship with health-promoting behaviors. Although perceived moderate health promotion behaviors and perceived social support were moderate, they did not have a good status in terms of psychological factors. Given awareness of the issues under study in each region is essential and planning to improve stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as promoting and correcting inappropriate behaviors through planned interventions are required.
引言
健康促进是孕期最重要的方面之一，在各种因素的影响下，促进健康的行为是健康的主要决定因素之一。本研究旨在确定社会支持和心理因素与孕妇促进健康行为之间的关联。
材料与方法
本横断面研究于2018年10月至2019年5月在伊拉姆对375名怀孕24 - 28周的孕妇进行。在检查纳入标准后进行两阶段整群抽样。数据收集工具包括四份问卷，均以自填形式完成。收集的数据通过SPSS 19版软件进行描述性和推断性检验分析。
结果
促进健康行为的平均得分为139.87（21.26），自我保健和体育活动的平均得分最高和最低，分别为27.67（4.84）和16.29（4.84）。线性回归分析显示，压力、焦虑、抑郁和社会支持的不同水平与促进健康行为之间存在显著差异（<0.001）。结果表明，压力、焦虑和抑郁得分每增加1分，促进健康行为分别减少2.2%、6.1%和24.1%，社会支持得分每增加1分，促进健康行为增加40%（<0.001）。
结论
心理因素与促进健康行为之间存在负相关，社会支持与促进健康行为之间存在正相关。尽管感知到的适度健康促进行为和感知到的社会支持处于中等水平，但在心理因素方面它们的状况并不理想。鉴于了解每个地区所研究的问题至关重要，需要计划改善压力、焦虑和抑郁，并通过有计划的干预来促进和纠正不适当行为。
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