影响马来西亚东北部单身母亲促进健康行为的因素：一项横断面研究。
Factors influencing health-promoting behavior among single mothers in Northeastern Malaysia: a cross-sectional study.
机构信息
Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Women Development Department State of Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, Kelantan, Malaysia.
出版信息
PeerJ. 2024 Oct 31;12:e18359. doi: 10.7717/peerj.18359. eCollection 2024.
INTRODUCTION
Health-promoting behaviors (HPB) play a vital role in maintaining and enhancing overall well-being. Single mothers are at higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and less involvement in HPB due to psychosocial disadvantages.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to determine the HPB scores and factors influencing HPB among single mothers in Kelantan (Northeastern, Malaysia).
METHODS
This study employed a cross-sectional design, selecting 242 single mothers from Kelantan through proportional stratified sampling. Data were gathered through questionnaires covering sociodemographic details, the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II (HPLP-II), the Malay Version of Health Beliefs Related to Cardiovascular Disease (HBCVD-M), and Multidimensional Perceived Social Support (MPSS). The relationships between the dependent variable (HPB) and independent variables were analyzed using multivariable linear regression models.
RESULTS
The respondents achieved an average HPB score of 118.03 (SD = 19.2), with the highest mean scores in spiritual growth (22.46 [SD = 3.70]) and interpersonal relationships (22.05 [SD = 3.67]). Physical activity had the lowest mean score at 15.09 (SD = 4.62). Significant positive associations were found between HPB and perceived severity of CVD (adjusted β = 1.60; 95% CI [0.68-2.53]; < 0.001) as well as perceived social support (adjusted β = 0.63; 95% CI [0.37-0.90]; < 0.001). Conversely, educational level (adjusted β = -10.36; 95% CI [-16.06 to -4.67]; < 0.001) and perceived benefits of reducing CVD risk (adjusted β = -1.43; 95% CI [-2.37 to -0.48]; < 0.001) were negatively associated with HPB.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings highlight the importance of health beliefs, social support, and education in shaping HPB among single mothers. Community health initiatives targeting this population should develop strategies to strengthen individuals' health beliefs and promote a supportive environment.
引言
促进健康的行为（HPB）对于维护和增强整体健康至关重要。由于社会心理方面的劣势，单身母亲患心血管疾病（CVD）的风险更高，参与促进健康的行为的程度也更低。
目的
本研究旨在确定吉兰丹州（马来西亚东北部）单身母亲的 HPB 评分和影响其 HPB 的因素。
方法
本研究采用横断面设计，通过比例分层抽样从吉兰丹州选择了 242 名单身母亲。数据通过问卷收集，涵盖社会人口统计学细节、健康促进生活方式量表第二版（HPLP-II）、马来文心血管疾病健康信念量表（HBCVD-M）和多维感知社会支持量表（MPSS）。使用多变量线性回归模型分析因变量（HPB）和自变量之间的关系。
结果
受访者的 HPB 平均得分为 118.03（SD = 19.2），其中精神成长（22.46 [SD = 3.70]）和人际关系（22.05 [SD = 3.67]）的平均得分最高。身体活动的平均得分最低，为 15.09（SD = 4.62）。HPB 与 CVD 严重程度感知（调整后的 β = 1.60；95%CI [0.68-2.53]；<0.001）和感知社会支持（调整后的 β = 0.63；95%CI [0.37-0.90]；<0.001）呈显著正相关。相反，教育程度（调整后的 β = -10.36；95%CI [-16.06 至 -4.67]；<0.001）和降低 CVD 风险的感知益处（调整后的 β = -1.43；95%CI [-2.37 至 -0.48]；<0.001）与 HPB 呈负相关。
结论
研究结果强调了健康信念、社会支持和教育在塑造单身母亲 HPB 方面的重要性。针对这一人群的社区健康计划应制定策略，以增强个体的健康信念并营造支持性环境。
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