Garcia C R, Gordon J, Drill V A
J Toxicol Environ Health. 1977 Sep;3(1-2):197-206. doi: 10.1080/15287397709529559.
Concern has been expressed about the possible untoward effect of oral contraceptives on the liver. During the past 10 yr an increasing number of cases of hepatic adenomas and related lesions has been reported in women using oral contraceptives. Such lesions occur only rarely, but it is the rarity itself that makes it difficult to evaluate the role of the contraceptive steroids. The enormity of the denominator in contraceptive steroid usage is so unwieldy that mechanisms to measure accurately the difference in an extremely small numerator are still plaguing the epidemiologist, who at best can supply only estimates. The data to date support an exceedingly low incidence of disease. This is much below the greater risks faced in accepted activities of daily living, particularly as affected by pregnancy itself. A plea is made to develop programs for better prospective evaluations of newer medications along with better animal experimental models.
人们已对口服避孕药可能对肝脏产生的不良影响表示关注。在过去10年里，使用口服避孕药的女性中报告的肝腺瘤及相关病变的病例越来越多。此类病变极为罕见，但正是这种罕见性使得难以评估避孕类固醇的作用。避孕类固醇使用的分母非常庞大，以至于准确测量极小分子差异的机制仍困扰着流行病学家，他们充其量只能提供估计值。迄今为止的数据表明疾病的发病率极低。这远低于日常生活中公认活动所面临的更大风险，尤其是受怀孕本身影响的风险。呼吁开展相关项目，以便对更新的药物进行更好的前瞻性评估，并建立更好的动物实验模型。
