The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, UK.
Lab Anim. 2022 Feb;56(1):50-59. doi: 10.1177/0023677221998400. Epub 2021 Mar 10.
Avian species are used as model systems in research and have contributed to ground-breaking concepts in developmental biology, immunology, genetics, virology, cancer and cell biology. The chicken in particular is an important research model and an agricultural animal as a major contributor to animal protein resources for the global population. The development of genome editing methods, including CRISPR/Cas9, to mediate germline engineering of the avian genome will have important applications in biomedical, agricultural and biotechnological activities. Notably, these precise genome editing tools have the potential to enhance avian health and productivity by identifying and validating beneficial genetic variants in bird populations. Here, we present a concise description of the existing methods and current applications of the genome editing tools in bird species, focused on chickens, with attention on animal use and welfare issues for each of the techniques presented.
禽类被用作研究中的模型系统，为发育生物学、免疫学、遗传学、病毒学、癌症和细胞生物学领域的突破性概念做出了贡献。特别是鸡，作为一种重要的研究模型和农业动物，为全球人口的动物蛋白资源做出了巨大贡献。基因组编辑方法的发展，包括 CRISPR/Cas9，将有助于禽类基因组的种系工程，这将在生物医学、农业和生物技术活动中具有重要的应用。值得注意的是，这些精确的基因组编辑工具有可能通过鉴定和验证鸟类群体中的有益遗传变异，从而提高禽类的健康和生产力。在这里，我们简要描述了现有的基因组编辑工具在鸟类物种中的方法和应用，重点介绍了鸡，并关注了每种技术的动物使用和福利问题。
