Järvelin M R, Vikeväinen-Tervonen L, Moilanen I, Huttunen N P
Department of Paediatrics, University Central Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
Acta Paediatr Scand. 1988 Jan;77(1):148-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1988.tb10614.x.
A random sample of 3,206 seven-year-old children was studied in order to examine the prevalence of enuresis and associated somatic and genetic risk factors. The overall prevalence of enuresis was 9.8% and the figures for nightwetting, daywetting and mixed day and night wetting 6.4%, 1.8% and 1.6% respectively. The prevalence was 9.5% among primary school children, 24.8% among children whose entry to school had been postponed and 26.6% among handicapped and mentally retarded children. If the father had been enuretic after 4 years of age the risk of the child being enuretic was 7.1 times greater than otherwise (95% confidence limits of the risk ratio 5.1-9.8, p less than 0.001), the corresponding risk ratio when the mother had been enuretic being 5.2 (3.9-7.0, p less than 0.001). Low birth-weight children were enuretic more often than children of normal birth-weight. It seems that there are at least two aetiologically significant groups of enuretic children: cases with neurological damage and mixed day and night wetting and cases with delayed maturation, with nightwetting which shows a clear sex and genetic dependency.
为了研究遗尿症的患病率以及相关的躯体和遗传风险因素，对3206名7岁儿童进行了随机抽样研究。遗尿症的总体患病率为9.8%，其中夜间遗尿、日间遗尿以及日夜混合遗尿的患病率分别为6.4%、1.8%和1.6%。小学生中的患病率为9.5%，入学推迟的儿童中患病率为24.8%，残疾和智力发育迟缓儿童中患病率为26.6%。如果父亲4岁后仍有遗尿症，孩子患遗尿症的风险比没有这种情况的孩子高7.1倍（风险比的95%置信区间为5.1 - 9.8，p < 0.001），母亲有遗尿症时相应的风险比为5.2（3.9 - 7.0，p < 0.001）。低体重出生的儿童比正常体重出生的儿童更常出现遗尿症。似乎至少有两组在病因学上具有重要意义的遗尿症儿童：有神经损伤且日夜混合遗尿的病例，以及成熟延迟、夜间遗尿且表现出明显性别和遗传依赖性的病例。
