Bower W F, Moore K H, Shepherd R B, Adams R D
Western Sydney Continence and Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation Service, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Australia.
Br J Urol. 1996 Oct;78(4):602-6. doi: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.1996.13618.x.
To establish the prevalence of enuresis in 5-12-year-old Australian children, to evaluate the impact of enuresis on the children and their families and to identify common methods of managing enuresis.
A self-administered questionnaire was completed voluntarily by the parents of 2292 5-12-year-old children during attendance at electoral polling booths in Sydney, Australia. The questionnaire inquired specifically after the child's age, gender and frequency of wetting.
From a response rate of 74%, the overall prevalence of any reported nocturnal enuresis was 18.9% and any day wetting 5.5%. The prevalence of marked nocturnal enuresis (at least weekly) and marked day wetting was 5.1% and 1.4%, respectively. Using a 10-point visual analogue scale to measure parental concern about their child's enuresis, the mean concern score was 3.1. There was a moderate but significant relationship between the frequency of enuretic episodes and the parental concern score. Of the enuretic children, 34% had consulted with a health worker. These children were 1.4 years older and wet more frequently than those enuretic children who had not sought help. The management of enuresis involved a mean of 3.9 strategies, primarily behavioural techniques administered by the family. The lowest cure rate was seen in the children who wet more frequently. Significantly more of the dry children woke spontaneously at night to void compared with the enuretic children. There was a trend towards greater spontaneous arousal in the children who wet less frequently.
These results suggest that prevalence rates for day and night wetting in Australia are similar to those in previous studies reported from the northern hemisphere. Australian families did not report a high level of concern about enuresis, even in the older child. The problem was managed primarily within the family.
确定澳大利亚5至12岁儿童尿床的患病率，评估尿床对儿童及其家庭的影响，并找出尿床的常见处理方法。
2292名5至12岁儿童的家长在澳大利亚悉尼的选举投票站自愿填写了一份自填式问卷。问卷专门询问了孩子的年龄、性别和尿床频率。
在74%的回复率中，报告有任何夜间尿床的总体患病率为18.9%，白天尿床患病率为5.5%。重度夜间尿床（至少每周一次）和重度白天尿床的患病率分别为5.1%和1.4%。使用10分视觉模拟量表来衡量家长对孩子尿床的担忧程度，平均担忧评分为3.1分。尿床发作频率与家长担忧评分之间存在中等但显著的关系。尿床儿童中，34%曾咨询过卫生工作者。这些儿童比未寻求帮助的尿床儿童大1.4岁，尿床更频繁。尿床的处理平均涉及3.9种策略，主要是家庭实施的行为技巧。尿床更频繁的儿童治愈率最低。与尿床儿童相比，不尿床的儿童夜间自发醒来排尿的情况明显更多。尿床频率较低的儿童有自发觉醒增加的趋势。
这些结果表明，澳大利亚白天和夜间尿床的患病率与北半球先前研究报告的患病率相似。澳大利亚家庭对尿床的担忧程度不高，即使是年龄较大的儿童也是如此。这个问题主要在家庭内部解决。
