绝经过渡期与瑞士女性的饮食变化无关。

Menopausal Transition Is Not Associated with Dietary Change in Swiss Women.

机构信息

Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

出版信息

J Nutr. 2021 May 11;151(5):1269-1276. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab003.

DOI:10.1093/jn/nxab003

PMID:33693728

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Adherence to a healthy diet could contribute to maintaining adequate health throughout the menopausal transition, but data are scarce.

OBJECTIVE

We evaluated the association between menopausal status and changes in dietary intake in Swiss adult women.

METHODS

Cross-sectional (n = 2439) and prospective analyses (n = 1656) were conducted between 2009 and 2012 (first follow-up) among women (mean age ± SD, 58.2 ± 10.5 y) living in Lausanne, Switzerland. In both visits, dietary intake was assessed using a validated FFQ, and menopausal status was classified based on the presence or absence of menstruations. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to investigate the cross-sectional association of menopausal status (postmenopausal compared with premenopausal) at the first follow-up with food intake and dietary recommendations. To examine whether menopausal status (premenopausal as reference group, menopausal transition, and postmenopausal) during 5 y of follow-up was associated with longitudinal changes in diet, including adherence to dietary Swiss recommendations, we applied multivariable linear and logistic mixed models adjusted for several covariates.

RESULTS

At the first follow-up, postmenopausal women consumed less (P < 0.002) meat [median (IQR) 57.2 (35-86.2) compared with 62.5 (41.2-95.2) g/d], pasta [61.8 (37.5-89.2) compared with 85 (57.8-128) g/d], and added sugar [0.1 (0-4) compared with 0.7 (0-8) g/d] and more dairy products [126 (65.4-214) compared with 109 (64.5-182) g/d] and fruit [217 (115-390) compared with 174 (83.2-319) g/d] than premenopausal women. However, linear regression analysis adjusted for potential confounding factors showed no independent (cross-sectional) associations of menopausal status with total energy intake (TEI) and individual macro- or micronutrient intakes. In the prospective analysis, compared with women who remained premenopausal during follow-up (n = 244), no differences were found in changes in TEI, dietary intakes, or adherence to the Swiss dietary recommendations in women transitioning from premenopausal to postmenopausal (n = 229) and who remained postmenopausal (n = 1168).

CONCLUSION

The menopausal transition is not associated with changes in dietary habits among Swiss women.

摘要

背景

坚持健康的饮食可能有助于在更年期过渡期间保持充足的健康，但数据有限。

目的

我们评估了瑞士成年女性的更年期状态与饮食摄入变化之间的关系。

方法

2009 年至 2012 年（第一次随访）期间，在瑞士洛桑居住的女性（平均年龄±标准差，58.2±10.5 岁）中进行了横断面（n=2439）和前瞻性分析（n=1656）。在两次就诊中，均使用经过验证的 FFQ 评估饮食摄入情况，并根据是否存在月经来确定更年期状态。使用多变量线性和逻辑回归模型调查第一次随访时更年期状态（绝经后与绝经前）与食物摄入和饮食建议的横断面关联。为了检查更年期状态（以绝经前为参考组、更年期过渡和绝经后）在 5 年随访期间是否与饮食的纵向变化相关，包括对瑞士饮食建议的依从性，我们应用了多变量线性和逻辑混合模型，调整了多个协变量。

结果

在第一次随访时，绝经后女性的饮食摄入较少（P<0.002），包括肉类[中位数（IQR）57.2（35-86.2）g/d 与 62.5（41.2-95.2）g/d]、意大利面[61.8（37.5-89.2）g/d 与 85（57.8-128）g/d]、添加糖[0.1（0-4）g/d 与 0.7（0-8）g/d]、乳制品[126（65.4-214）g/d 与 109（64.5-182）g/d]和水果[217（115-390）g/d 与 174（83.2-319）g/d]。然而，经潜在混杂因素调整的线性回归分析显示，更年期状态与总能量摄入（TEI）以及个别宏量或微量营养素摄入无独立（横断面）关联。在前瞻性分析中，与随访期间保持绝经前状态的女性（n=244）相比，从绝经前到绝经后过渡（n=229）和仍处于绝经后状态（n=1168）的女性的 TEI、饮食摄入或对瑞士饮食建议的依从性变化无差异。