Department of Psychology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology, and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain.
Behav Res Methods. 2021 Oct;53(5):1973-1985. doi: 10.3758/s13428-021-01567-9. Epub 2021 Mar 10.
Pictures with affective content have been widely used in the scientific study of emotions, from two main perspectives: on the one hand, dimensional theories claiming that affective experiences can be described according to a few fundamental dimensions such as valence and arousal, and on the other hand, discrete-category theories proposing the presence of a number of basic and universal emotions. Although it has been demonstrated that these two approaches are not mutually exclusive, the existing standardized affective picture databases have been created from the dimensional perspective, which has led to important gaps for research focused on discrete emotions. The present work introduces MATTER, a new database comprising 540 pictures depicting disgusting, fearful, neutral, erotic, mirthful and incongruent content, which provides normative values (total N = 368, mean = 120.47 ratings/picture) in valence and arousal dimensions, as well as in discrete affective (disgust, fear, erotica and mirth) and cognitive (incongruence and interest) features. A tentative classification into discrete categories is presented, and the physical properties of each picture are reported. Our findings suggest that MATTER constitutes a modern and suitable set of affective images including, for the first time, both mirth- and incongruence-related pictures. Additionally, it will enable the examination of affective and cognitive processes in fear/disgust and humor/incongruence fields.
有情感内容的图片在情感科学研究中被广泛应用，主要有两个视角：一方面，维度理论声称情感体验可以根据一些基本维度来描述，如效价和唤醒度；另一方面，离散类别理论则提出存在一些基本的、普遍的情感。尽管已经证明这两种方法并不相互排斥，但现有的标准化情感图片数据库是从维度的角度创建的，这导致了专注于离散情感的研究存在重要的空白。本研究介绍了 MATTER，这是一个包含 540 张图片的新数据库，这些图片描绘了令人厌恶、恐惧、中性、色情、愉快和不一致的内容，在效价和唤醒维度上提供了规范值（总 N=368，平均每张图片 120.47 个评分），以及离散情感（厌恶、恐惧、色情和愉快）和认知（不一致和兴趣）特征。提出了一个暂定的离散分类，并报告了每张图片的物理属性。我们的研究结果表明，MATTER 构成了一组现代而合适的情感图像，其中首次包括了与愉快和不一致相关的图片。此外，它将能够检查恐惧/厌恶和幽默/不一致领域的情感和认知过程。
