Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, 730 East Beach Blvd, Long Beach, MS, 39560, USA.
Department de Psicologia and CRAMC, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
Behav Res Methods. 2018 Oct;50(5):1943-1952. doi: 10.3758/s13428-017-0962-y.
The discrete emotion theory proposes that affective experiences can be reduced to a limited set of universal "basic" emotions, most commonly identified as happiness, sadness, anger, fear, and disgust. Here we present norms for 10,491 Spanish words for those five discrete emotions collected from a total of 2,010 native speakers, making it the largest set of norms for discrete emotions in any language to date. When used in conjunction with the norms from Hinojosa, Martínez-García et al. (Behavior Research Methods, 48, 272-284, 2016) and Ferré, Guasch, Martínez-García, Fraga, & Hinojosa (Behavior Research Methods, 49, 1082-1094, 2017), researchers now have access to ratings of discrete emotions for 13,633 Spanish words. Our norms show a high degree of inter-rater reliability and correlate highly with those from Ferré et al. (2017). Our exploration of the relationship between the five discrete emotions and relevant lexical and emotional variables confirmed findings of previous studies conducted with smaller datasets. The availability of such large set of norms will greatly facilitate the study of emotion, language and related fields. The norms are available as supplementary materials to this article.
离散情感理论提出，情感体验可以简化为有限的、普遍的“基本”情感，最常见的基本情感包括快乐、悲伤、愤怒、恐惧和厌恶。在这里，我们呈现了从总共 2010 位母语为西班牙语的参与者那里收集到的 10491 个西班牙语单词的五个离散情感的常模，这是迄今为止任何语言中离散情感常模的最大数据集。当与 Hinojosa、Martínez-García 等人（行为研究方法，48，272-284，2016）和 Ferré、Guasch、Martínez-García、Fraga 和 Hinojosa（行为研究方法，49，1082-1094，2017）的常模结合使用时，研究人员现在可以获得 13633 个西班牙语单词的离散情感评分。我们的常模显示出高度的评分者间可靠性，与 Ferré 等人（2017）的研究结果高度相关。我们对五个离散情感与相关词汇和情感变量之间关系的探讨证实了之前使用较小数据集进行的研究结果。这种大规模常模的出现将极大地促进情感、语言和相关领域的研究。这些常模可作为本文的补充材料获取。
