DeWitt Daugtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic, and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Miami/Jackson Health System.
Leonard M. Miller University of Miami School of Medicine, FL.
J Craniofac Surg. 2021;32(2):535-540. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000007079.
Deformity and tissue loss involving the craniomaxillofacial region occurs frequently as a result of trauma, oncologic resection, or a congenital malformation. In order to maximize the patient's quality of life, reconstruction of the craniomaxillofacial skeleton must seek to restore aesthetics as well as function. Advances in diagnostic technology, surgical technique, instrumentation, and innovative biomaterials used have transformed the way reconstructive surgeons approach their patients' needs. From the advent of alloplastic reconstruction, surgeons have sought the ideal material for use in craniomaxillofacial surgery. Substances such as metals, ceramics, glasses, and more recently resorbable polymers and bioactive materials have all been utilized.While autologous bone has remained widely-favored and the gold standard, synthetic alternatives remain a necessity when autologous reconstruction is not readily available. Today, alloplastic material, autografting via microvascular tissue transfer, hormone and growth factor-induced bone formation, and computer-aided design and manufacturing of biocompatible implants represent only a fraction of a wide range of options used in the reconstruction of the craniomaxillofacial skeleton. We present a brief review of the materials used in the repair of deformities of the craniomaxillofacial skeleton as well as a look into the potential future direction of the field.
颅颌面区域的畸形和组织缺失常由创伤、肿瘤切除或先天畸形引起。为了最大限度地提高患者的生活质量，颅颌面骨骼的重建必须寻求恢复美观和功能。诊断技术、手术技术、器械和创新性生物材料的进步改变了重建外科医生满足患者需求的方式。从使用同种异体重建材料开始，外科医生就一直在寻找用于颅颌面手术的理想材料。金属、陶瓷、玻璃等物质，以及最近的可吸收聚合物和生物活性材料，都已被应用。虽然自体骨仍然被广泛青睐并作为金标准，但当自体重建不可用时，合成替代品仍然是必要的。如今，同种异体材料、通过微血管组织转移的自体移植、激素和生长因子诱导的骨形成以及生物相容性植入物的计算机辅助设计和制造，仅代表了在颅颌面骨骼重建中使用的众多选择中的一小部分。我们简要回顾了用于修复颅颌面骨骼畸形的材料，并探讨了该领域的潜在未来方向。
