Dornelas Jessica, Dornelas Giselle, Rossi Alexandre, Piattelli Adriano, Di Pietro Natalia, Romasco Tea, Mourão Carlos Fernando, Alves Gutemberg Gomes
NanoOnco3D, Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil.
Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi 24220-900, Brazil.
J Funct Biomater. 2024 Jun 28;15(7):178. doi: 10.3390/jfb15070178.
Zinc is known for its role in enhancing bone metabolism, cell proliferation, and tissue regeneration. Several studies proposed the incorporation of zinc into hydroxyapatite (HA) to produce biomaterials (ZnHA) that stimulate and accelerate bone healing. This systematic review aimed to understand the physicochemical characteristics of zinc-doped HA-based biomaterials and the evidence of their biological effects on osteoblastic cells. A comprehensive literature search was conducted from 2022 to 2024, covering all years of publications, in three databases (Web of Science, PUBMED, Scopus), retrieving 609 entries, with 36 articles included in the analysis according to the selection criteria. The selected studies provided data on the material's physicochemical properties, the methods of zinc incorporation, and the biological effects of ZnHA on bone cells. The production of ZnHA typically involves the wet chemical synthesis of HA and ZnHA precursors, followed by deposition on substrates using processes such as liquid precursor plasma spraying (LPPS). Characterization techniques confirmed the successful incorporation of zinc into the HA lattice. The findings indicated that zinc incorporation into HA at low concentrations is non-cytotoxic and beneficial for bone cells. ZnHA was found to stimulate cell proliferation, adhesion, and the production of osteogenic factors, thereby promoting in vitro mineralization. However, the optimal zinc concentration for the desired effects varied across studies, making it challenging to establish a standardized concentration. ZnHA materials are biocompatible and enhance osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. However, the mechanisms of zinc release and the ideal concentrations for optimal tissue regeneration require further investigation. Standardizing these parameters is essential for the effective clinical application of ZnHA.
锌以其在增强骨代谢、细胞增殖和组织再生方面的作用而闻名。多项研究提出将锌掺入羟基磷灰石（HA）中，以生产能刺激和加速骨愈合的生物材料（ZnHA）。本系统综述旨在了解锌掺杂的HA基生物材料的物理化学特性及其对成骨细胞生物学效应的证据。从2022年到2024年进行了全面的文献检索，涵盖所有年份的出版物，在三个数据库（科学网、PubMed、Scopus）中检索到609条记录，根据选择标准，36篇文章纳入分析。所选研究提供了关于该材料物理化学性质、锌掺入方法以及ZnHA对骨细胞生物学效应的数据。ZnHA的生产通常涉及HA和ZnHA前体的湿化学合成，然后使用诸如液体前驱体等离子喷涂（LPPS）等工艺沉积在基底上。表征技术证实锌已成功掺入HA晶格中。研究结果表明，低浓度的锌掺入HA对骨细胞无细胞毒性且有益。发现ZnHA能刺激细胞增殖、黏附以及成骨因子的产生，从而促进体外矿化。然而，不同研究中产生预期效果的最佳锌浓度各不相同，这使得确定标准化浓度具有挑战性。ZnHA材料具有生物相容性，可增强成骨细胞的增殖和分化。然而，锌释放的机制以及促进最佳组织再生的理想浓度仍需进一步研究。标准化这些参数对于ZnHA的有效临床应用至关重要。
