Chi Kevin, Almeida David M, Charles Susan T, Sin Nancy L
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia.
Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University.
Psychol Aging. 2021 Feb;36(1):83-95. doi: 10.1037/pag0000460.
Prosocial activities, such as volunteering, predict better mental and physical health in late adulthood, but their proximal links to well-being in daily life are largely unknown. The current study examined day-to-day associations of prosocial activities with emotional and physical well-being, and whether these associations differ with age. We used daily diary data from the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE) II (n = 2,016; ages 33-84) and NSDE Refresher Study (n = 774; ages 25-75). Participants completed telephone interviews on 8 consecutive evenings regarding their prosocial activities (formal volunteering, providing unpaid assistance, providing emotional support), well-being (negative affect, stressors, positive events), and physical symptoms. On days when individuals participated in more formal volunteering or provided more unpaid assistance than usual, they experienced more stressors and positive events but no difference in the number of physical symptoms. Negative affect was reduced on volunteering days for older adults but increased for younger adults (NSDE Refresher). Providing emotional support was associated with higher same-day negative affect, more stressors, more positive events, and elevated physical symptoms. Compared to younger and middle-aged adults, older adults experienced less of an increase in stressors and positive events (NSDE II) and negative affect (NSDE Refresher) on days when they provided more emotional support than usual. These findings demonstrate that prosocial activities are associated with both costs (negative affect, stressors, physical symptoms) and benefits (positive events) for same-day well-being. Older age may protect against negative ramifications associated with prosocial activities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
诸如志愿服务之类的亲社会活动预示着成年晚期更好的身心健康，但它们与日常生活幸福感的直接联系在很大程度上尚不清楚。当前的研究考察了亲社会活动与情绪和身体健康在日常中的关联，以及这些关联是否因年龄而异。我们使用了来自“日常经历全国研究”（NSDE）II（n = 2016；年龄33 - 84岁）和NSDE复习研究（n = 774；年龄25 - 75岁）的每日日记数据。参与者连续8个晚上完成电话访谈，内容涉及他们的亲社会活动（正式志愿服务、提供无偿帮助、提供情感支持）、幸福感（负面影响、压力源、积极事件）和身体症状。在个人参与比平常更多的正式志愿服务或提供更多无偿帮助的日子里，他们经历了更多的压力源和积极事件，但身体症状的数量没有差异。对于老年人来说，参与志愿服务的日子里负面影响会减少，但对于年轻人来说会增加（NSDE复习研究）。提供情感支持与当天更高的负面影响、更多的压力源、更多的积极事件以及身体症状加剧有关。与年轻和中年成年人相比，老年人在比平常提供更多情感支持的日子里，压力源和积极事件（NSDE II）以及负面影响（NSDE复习研究）的增加较少。这些发现表明，亲社会活动与当天幸福感的成本（负面影响、压力源、身体症状）和收益（积极事件）都有关联。年长可能会抵御与亲社会活动相关的负面影响。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2021美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
