MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 Mar 12;70(10):337-341. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7010a1.
Accidental consumption of poisonous mushrooms can result in serious illness and death (1). Reports of severe poisonings from consumption of foraged mushrooms for food or hallucinogenic purposes increased during 1999-2016 (2), and approximately 7,500 poisonous mushroom ingestions were reported annually to poison control centers across the United States (1). To estimate the frequency of emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, and severe adverse outcomes associated with accidental poisonous mushroom ingestion in the United States, CDC analyzed 2016 data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's* Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (HCUP-NEDS) and National Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS) databases as well as 2016-2018 data from three IBM MarketScan sources: Commercial Claims and Encounters (CCAE), Medicare Supplemental and Coordination of Benefits (Medicare), and Multi-State Medicaid databases. During 2016, 1,328 (standard error [SE] = 100) ED visits and 100 (SE = 22) hospitalizations (HCUP data) were associated with accidental poisonous mushroom ingestion. Among 556 patients with a diagnosis of accidental poisonous mushroom ingestion, 48 (8.6%) patients experienced a serious adverse outcome during 2016-2018 (MarketScan data). Serious adverse outcomes were more common among Medicaid-insured patients than among patients with commercial insurance or Medicare (11.5% versus 6.7%, p = 0.049). Because most mushroom poisonings are preventable, wild mushrooms should not be consumed unless they are identified by an expert; increased public health messaging about the potential dangers of mushroom poisoning is needed.
误食毒蘑菇可导致严重疾病和死亡（1）。1999 年至 2016 年期间，因食用野生蘑菇作为食物或致幻目的而导致严重中毒的报告有所增加（2），据美国各地的中毒控制中心报告，每年约有 7500 例毒蘑菇摄入病例（1）。为了估计与美国意外误食毒蘑菇相关的急诊就诊、住院和严重不良后果的频率，CDC 分析了 2016 年来自医疗保健成本和利用项目*全国急诊样本（HCUP-NEDS）和全国住院样本（HCUP-NIS）数据库以及来自三个 IBM MarketScan 来源的 2016-2018 年数据：商业索赔和遭遇（CCAE）、医疗保险补充和福利协调（医疗保险）和多州医疗补助数据库。2016 年，有 1328 例（标准误差 [SE] = 100）急诊就诊和 100 例（SE = 22）住院治疗（HCUP 数据）与意外误食毒蘑菇有关。在 556 例意外误食毒蘑菇的患者中，有 48 例（8.6%）患者在 2016-2018 年期间出现严重不良后果（MarketScan 数据）。在医疗补助保险患者中，严重不良后果比商业保险或医疗保险患者更常见（11.5%比 6.7%，p = 0.049）。由于大多数蘑菇中毒是可以预防的，除非由专家鉴定，否则不应食用野生蘑菇；需要增加关于蘑菇中毒潜在危险的公共卫生宣传。
