Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
J Nutr Biochem. 2021 Jun;92:108625. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108625. Epub 2021 Mar 8.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) include obesity as a critical feature and is strongly associated with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Insights into mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of these clinical manifestations are essential for the development of therapeutic strategies. Thus, Western diets (WD) have been widely employed in diet-induced obesity (DIO) model. However, there are variations in fat and sugar proportions of such diets, making comparisons challenging. We aimed to assess the impact of two types of the WD on metabolic status and cardiac remodeling, to achieve a DIO model that better mimics the human pathogenesis of MetS-induced CVD. Male Wistar rats were distributed into three groups: control diet, Western diet fat (WDF), and Western diet sugar (WDS) for 41 weeks. Metabolic and inflammatory parameters and cardiac changes were characterized. WDF and WDS feeding promoted higher serum triglycerides, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance, while just WDF presented inflammation in adipose tissue. WDF-fed rats showed increased catalase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl protein levels, suggesting cardiac oxidative stress, while WDS-fed rats only raised MDA. Both WD equally elevated protein expressions involved in lipid metabolism, but only WDF downregulated the glycolysis pathway. Furthermore, the mechanical myocardial function was impaired in obese rats, being more relevant in WDF. In conclusion, both WD effectively triggered MetS features, although inflammation was detected just on the WDF-fed animals. Moreover, the WDF promoted a more pronounced functional, metabolic, and oxidative cardiac disorder, suggesting to be an adequate model for studying CVD in the scenario of MetS.
代谢综合征（MetS）包括肥胖作为一个关键特征，与心血管疾病（CVD）的风险密切相关。深入了解这些临床表现的病理生理学机制对于治疗策略的发展至关重要。因此，西方饮食（WD）已广泛应用于饮食诱导肥胖（DIO）模型。然而，这些饮食中的脂肪和糖的比例存在差异，使得比较具有挑战性。我们旨在评估两种类型的 WD 对代谢状态和心脏重构的影响，以建立一种更好地模拟代谢综合征诱导的 CVD 的人类发病机制的 DIO 模型。雄性 Wistar 大鼠被分为三组：对照组、西方饮食脂肪组（WDF）和西方饮食糖组（WDS），共 41 周。对代谢和炎症参数以及心脏变化进行了特征描述。WDF 和 WDS 喂养导致血清甘油三酯、葡萄糖耐量和胰岛素抵抗增加，而只有 WDF 在脂肪组织中表现出炎症。WDF 喂养的大鼠表现出过氧化氢酶活性以及丙二醛（MDA）和羰基蛋白水平升高，提示心脏氧化应激，而 WDS 喂养的大鼠仅升高 MDA。两种 WD 均同等地提高了参与脂质代谢的蛋白表达，但只有 WDF 下调了糖酵解途径。此外，肥胖大鼠的心肌力学功能受损，而 WDF 喂养的大鼠更为明显。总之，两种 WD 均有效地引发了 MetS 特征，尽管仅在 WDF 喂养的动物中检测到炎症。此外，WDF 促进了更明显的功能、代谢和氧化心脏障碍，提示其是研究 MetS 背景下 CVD 的合适模型。
