不良童年经历与年轻人的认知功能：来自青少年至成年健康纵向研究的前瞻性结果。
Adverse childhood events and cognitive function among young adults: Prospective results from the national longitudinal study of adolescent to adult health.
机构信息
Oklahoma State University, Department of Psychology, Stillwater, OK, USA.
University of Toronto, Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, Toronto, ON, Canada.
出版信息
Child Abuse Negl. 2021 May;115:105008. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105008. Epub 2021 Mar 8.
BACKGROUND
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may have lasting impacts on cognition.
OBJECTIVE
To determine if ACE exposure is prospectively associated with cognition in young adults. We hypothesized that deprivation- and threat-type ACEs as well as higher cumulative ACE exposure predict poorer cognition.
PARTICIPANTS & SETTING: Participants were from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), a prospective cohort investigation of U.S. adolescents followed to adulthood. Current study participants were 18-24 years old (Wave III), 24-32 years old (Wave IV), and 31-42 years old (Wave V). The maximum Wave IV sample was 12,288 adults; Wave V was 1277 adults.
METHODS
History of ACEs were assessed at Wave III. Three cognitive indicators were assessed at Wave IV and Wave V using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (immediate and delayed verbal memory) and the Digit-Span Backward Task (working memory).
RESULTS
The deprivation ACE of not-having-basic-needs met was associated with poorer working (β = 0.14, CI -0.26, -0.01), immediate (β=-0.29, CI -0.43, -0.15), and delayed memory (β=-0.27, CI -0.43, -0.12) at Wave IV; poorer immediate (β=-0.47, CI-0.79, -0.16) and delayed memory (β=-0.33, CI -0.65, -0.01) at Wave V. The threat ACE of sexual abuse was associated with poorer immediate (β=-0.40, CI -0.62, -0.17) and delayed memory (β=-0.29, CI -0.55, -0.03) at Wave IV. Higher cumulative ACEs predicted poorer delayed memory (β =-0.05, CI -0.10, -0.01) at Wave V.
CONCLUSIONS
Higher ACEs, especially deprivation-type, were prospectively linked to poorer cognition. Early wide-scale screening/tailored treatments addressing ACEs and cognitive function may be warranted.
背景
不良的童年经历（ACEs）可能对认知产生持久影响。
目的
确定 ACE 暴露是否与年轻人的认知能力存在前瞻性关联。我们假设剥夺和威胁型 ACEs 以及更高的累积 ACE 暴露量预示着较差的认知能力。
参与者和设置
参与者来自国家青少年到成人健康纵向研究（Add Health），这是一项对美国青少年进行的前瞻性队列研究，追踪至成年期。本研究的当前参与者年龄在 18-24 岁（第三波）、24-32 岁（第四波）和 31-42 岁（第五波）。第四波的最大样本量为 12288 名成年人；第五波为 1277 名成年人。
方法
在第三波评估 ACE 史。使用 Rey 听觉言语学习测试（即时和延迟言语记忆）和数字符号倒背任务（工作记忆）在第四波和第五波评估三种认知指标。
结果
未满足基本需求的剥夺 ACE 与第四波的工作记忆（β=0.14，CI-0.26，-0.01）、即时记忆（β=-0.29，CI-0.43，-0.15）和延迟记忆（β=-0.27，CI-0.43，-0.12）较差有关；与第五波的即时记忆（β=-0.47，CI-0.79，-0.16）和延迟记忆（β=-0.33，CI-0.65，-0.01）较差有关。性虐待的威胁 ACE 与第四波的即时记忆（β=-0.40，CI-0.62，-0.17）和延迟记忆（β=-0.29，CI-0.55，-0.03）较差有关。更高的累积 ACEs 预测第五波的延迟记忆较差（β=-0.05，CI-0.10，-0.01）。
结论
更高的 ACEs，尤其是剥夺型 ACEs，与认知能力下降有前瞻性关联。可能需要早期大规模筛查/针对性治疗 ACEs 和认知功能。
Zotero 插件