Komolafe Oladapo, Mrozik Wojciech, Dolfing Jan, Acharya Kishor, Vassalle Lucas, Mota Cesar R, Davenport Russell
GFL Environmental Inc. Greater Toronto Area, L5T 2L2, Ontario, Canada.
School of Engineering, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
J Environ Manage. 2021 Jun 1;287:112286. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112286. Epub 2021 Mar 9.
This study aims to evaluate micropollutant occurrence and removal in a low-middle income country (LMIC) by investigating the occurrence of 28 chemicals from different classes (triclosan, 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 4 estrogens and 8 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners) in three technologically diverse full-scale Brazilian wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). These chemicals were detected at concentrations similar to those reported in other low-middle income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs) (0.1-49 μg/L) indicating their widespread use globally and the need for more studies in LMICs that are typically characterized by relatively inadequate wastewater treatment barriers. Among the three different WWTPs investigated for removal of these chemicals, the least energy intensive system, waste stabilization ponds (WSPs), was the most effective (95-99%) compared to the activated sludge (79-94%), and Up-flow sludge blanket reactor (UASB) with trickling filters system (89-95%). These results highlight the potential of WSPs for micropollutant removal-especially in warm climates. However, the effluent from all three WWTP could pose a risk to aquatic organisms when discharged into the receiving waters as the effluent concentrations of triclosan, some estrogens, PAHs and BDE 209 were above European environmental quality standards (EQS) or predicted no effect concentration (PNEC values), indicating that receiving water bodies could benefit from further treatment. In combination, these results help to further understand prevailing concentrations of micropollutants globally and fate in current wastewater treatment systems.
本研究旨在通过调查巴西三个技术多样的全规模污水处理厂（WWTPs）中28种不同类别的化学物质（三氯生、15种多环芳烃（PAHs）、4种雌激素和8种多溴二苯醚（PBDE）同系物）的存在情况，评估中低收入国家（LMIC）中微污染物的出现和去除情况。这些化学物质的检测浓度与其他中低收入国家（LMICs）和高收入国家（HICs）报告的浓度相似（0.1 - 49μg/L），表明它们在全球广泛使用，并且需要在通常以废水处理屏障相对不足为特征的中低收入国家进行更多研究。在所调查的用于去除这些化学物质的三种不同污水处理厂中，与活性污泥法（79 - 94%）和带有滴滤池系统的上流式污泥床反应器（UASB）（89 - 95%）相比，能源强度最低的系统——稳定塘（WSPs）最为有效（95 - 99%）。这些结果突出了稳定塘在去除微污染物方面的潜力——特别是在温暖气候条件下。然而，当这三个污水处理厂的出水排放到受纳水体时，可能会对水生生物构成风险，因为三氯生、一些雌激素、多环芳烃和BDE 209的出水浓度高于欧洲环境质量标准（EQS）或预测无效应浓度（PNEC值），这表明受纳水体可能会从进一步处理中受益。综合来看，这些结果有助于进一步了解全球微污染物的普遍浓度以及它们在当前废水处理系统中的归宿。
