Pecoraro Luca, Dalle Carbonare Luca, De Franceschi Lucia, Piacentini Giorgio, Pietrobelli Angelo
Dipartimento di medicina, Università di Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Verona;
Clinica pediatrica, ASST Mantova.
Epidemiol Prev. 2020 Sep-Dec;44(5-6):405-409. doi: 10.19191/EP20.5-6.P405.017.
It is well known that the prevalence of respiratory allergies has increased over time. At the same time, climate change has become part of our everyday life. The resulting question is whether this 'allergic epidemic' is linked to this aspect. It is assumed that the causes of the increase of respiratory allergies are mainly related to environmental factors and lifestyle: first, the improvement of social and health conditions and related hygiene hypothesis; secondly, lifestyle change and anthropogenic activities, which have caused an alteration in the balance normally existing between soil, water, and atmosphere, giving rise to the phenomena of climate change. In fact, it has been demonstrated that they can influence beginning, duration, and intensity of the pollen season, as well as the allergenicity of pollen. The consequence is both an increase in frequency and intensity of allergic symptomatology in subjects previously affected by allergy, and a promotion of the sensitization of the airways to allergens present in the atmosphere in predisposed subjects. Several intervention strategies aiming to mitigate climate change and reduce anthropogenic emissions and, consequently, respiratory allergies are possible and can be implemented on an individual and social level. It follows that the allergist cannot solve the problem of the progressive increase of respiratory allergies on his own. Anyway, his role can have both clinical and educational purposes with a special commitment to reduce health impact due to environmental risk factors. KEYWORDS: respiratory allergies; allergenic potential of pollen; climate change; pollution.
众所周知，呼吸道过敏的患病率随时间推移有所上升。与此同时，气候变化已成为我们日常生活的一部分。由此产生的问题是，这种“过敏流行”是否与这方面有关。据推测，呼吸道过敏增加的原因主要与环境因素和生活方式有关：其一，社会和健康状况的改善以及相关的卫生假说；其二，生活方式的改变和人为活动，这导致了土壤、水和大气之间正常存在的平衡发生改变，进而引发了气候变化现象。事实上，已经证明它们会影响花粉季节的开始、持续时间和强度，以及花粉的致敏性。结果是，先前受过敏影响的个体出现过敏症状的频率和强度增加，并且在易感个体中促进了气道对大气中存在的过敏原的致敏作用。有几种旨在缓解气候变化和减少人为排放从而减少呼吸道过敏的干预策略是可行的，并且可以在个人和社会层面上实施。因此，过敏症专科医生无法独自解决呼吸道过敏逐渐增加的问题。无论如何，他的作用可以兼具临床和教育目的，尤其致力于减少环境风险因素对健康的影响。关键词：呼吸道过敏；花粉的致敏潜力；气候变化；污染
