Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University Central Clinical School and The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University Central Clinical School and The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Vitam Horm. 2021;115:511-533. doi: 10.1016/bs.vh.2020.12.020. Epub 2021 Feb 17.
Hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis that regulate reproductive function are also potent neurosteriods that have multiple effects on the development, maintenance and function of the brain. There is a growing body of evidence linking sex hormones to cognitive functioning across the lifespan. Both subjective and objective cognitive changes can occur with aging. For women, cognitive complains are commonly associated with the menopause transition-a time of significant hormone flux. Sex differences in neurodegenerative conditions associated with cognitive dysfunction, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, suggest a potential link between sex hormones and cognitive decline. Evidence for the effects of hormone therapy on cognition is growing, but remains inconclusive. This chapter provides an overview of sex hormones and cognition in association with healthy aging, including a focus on the menopause transition, as well as reviewing findings linking sex hormones to cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. An overview of hormone therapy and cognition is also provided.
下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的激素调节生殖功能，也是强有力的神经甾体，对大脑的发育、维持和功能有多种影响。越来越多的证据表明，性激素与整个生命周期的认知功能有关。随着年龄的增长，会出现主观和客观的认知变化。对于女性来说，认知问题通常与更年期过渡有关——这是一个激素波动很大的时期。与认知功能障碍相关的神经退行性疾病（如阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病）的性别差异表明，性激素与认知能力下降之间可能存在联系。关于激素治疗对认知的影响的证据越来越多，但仍不确定。本章概述了与健康衰老相关的性激素和认知，包括重点关注更年期过渡，以及回顾与阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病相关的认知能力下降与性激素之间的关联。还概述了激素治疗与认知的关系。
