Kushnir Aviv, Orkibi Hod
Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Israel.
Front Psychol. 2021 Feb 23;12:633069. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.633069. eCollection 2021.
Concretization is a concept that has different meanings in different psychological theories and varying manifestations in different psychotherapies. In psychodrama, much of the available information on concretization draws on J. L. Moreno's initial conceptualization, descriptive case studies, and interpretations in the various approaches. However, concretization has not been empirically studied as a concept or as a therapeutic mechanism of change. Therefore, the purpose of this qualitative study was to generate an empirically based conceptualization and operationalization of concretization as well as to identify its clinical benefits in psychodrama. To this end, semistructured in-depth interviews were conducted with seven experienced psychodrama therapists. Using a grounded theory approach for the data analysis, the model that emerged consists of three pathways toward concretization: realistic concretization, symbolic concretization, and integrated concretization. The findings suggest a sequential multistep operation that can be linear or nonlinear, depending on the protagonist's need. The findings also underscore four benefits of concretization as a mechanism of change in psychodrama: reducing the ambiguity of the problem, externalizing the protagonist's problem, enhancing the therapist-protagonist therapeutic bond, and bypassing the protagonist's defense mechanisms. The model is discussed in light of the findings and the literature, and future directions are suggested.
具身化是一个在不同心理学理论中有不同含义、在不同心理治疗中表现各异的概念。在心理剧疗法中，关于具身化的现有信息大多借鉴了J. L. 莫雷诺的初始概念、描述性案例研究以及各种方法中的阐释。然而，具身化作为一个概念或作为一种治疗性改变机制尚未得到实证研究。因此，本定性研究的目的是生成一个基于实证的具身化概念和操作化定义，并确定其在心理剧疗法中的临床益处。为此，对七位经验丰富的心理剧治疗师进行了半结构化深度访谈。采用扎根理论方法进行数据分析，得出的模型包括通往具身化的三条途径：现实具身化、象征具身化和整合具身化。研究结果表明存在一种依主角需求而定的可线性或非线性的顺序多步骤操作。研究结果还强调了具身化作为心理剧疗法中一种改变机制的四个益处：减少问题的模糊性、将主角的问题外化、增强治疗师与主角之间的治疗关系以及绕过主角的防御机制。根据研究结果和文献对该模型进行了讨论，并提出了未来的研究方向。
