College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China.
Front Immunol. 2021 Feb 23;11:619829. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.619829. eCollection 2020.
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infects poultry and antagonizes host immunity several mechanisms. Dendritic cells (DCs) are characterized as specialized antigen presenting cells, bridging innate and adaptive immunity and regulating host resistance to viral invasion. However, there is little specific knowledge of the role of DCs in NDV infection. In this study, the representative NDV lentogenic strain LaSota was used to explore whether murine bone marrow derived DCs mature following infection. We examined surface molecule expression and cytokine release from DCs as well as proliferation and activation of T cells and in the context of NDV. The results demonstrated that infection with lentogenic strain LaSota induced a phenotypic maturation of immature DCs (imDCs), which actually led to curtailed T cell responses. Upon infection, the phenotypic maturation of DCs was reflected by markedly enhanced MHC and costimulatory molecule expression and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Nevertheless, NDV-infected DCs produced the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and attenuated T cell proliferation, inducing Th2-biased responses. Therefore, our study reveals a novel understanding that DCs are phenotypically mature but dysfunctional in priming T cell responses during NDV infection.
新城疫病毒（NDV）感染家禽并通过几种机制拮抗宿主免疫。树突状细胞（DC）的特征是专门的抗原呈递细胞，连接先天免疫和适应性免疫，并调节宿主对病毒入侵的抵抗力。然而，关于 DC 在 NDV 感染中的作用的具体知识很少。在这项研究中，使用代表的 NDV 弱毒株 LaSota 来探索鼠骨髓来源的 DC 是否在感染后成熟。我们检查了 DC 表面分子表达和细胞因子释放，以及 T 细胞增殖和激活，以及在 NDV 背景下。结果表明，弱毒株 LaSota 的感染诱导未成熟 DC（imDC）的表型成熟，这实际上导致 T 细胞反应受到抑制。感染后，DC 的表型成熟反映在 MHC 和共刺激分子表达以及促炎细胞因子的分泌显著增强上。然而，NDV 感染的 DC 产生抗炎细胞因子 IL-10 并减弱 T 细胞增殖，诱导 Th2 偏向反应。因此，我们的研究揭示了一种新的认识，即在 NDV 感染期间，DC 表型成熟但不能有效地启动 T 细胞反应。
