Johnson Wendi L, Giordano Peggy C, Longmore Monica A, Manning Wendy D
Department of Sociology, Anthropology, Social Work and Criminal Justice, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48302, USA.
Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA.
J Dev Life Course Criminol. 2016 Dec;2(4):442-465. doi: 10.1007/s40865-016-0044-3. Epub 2016 Oct 12.
Assessments of young adult well-being often focus on family formation and employment experiences, and ignore the potentially important, continuing role of parents. We consider whether and how parental influence reaches beyond the adolescent years.
Drawing on longitudinal data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (TARS) (= 1242) and multilevel modeling, analyses examine direct and indirect ways that traditional parenting practices, as well as parental histories of problematic behavior influence trajectories of offspring antisocial behavior.
Parental antisocial experiences influenced young adult outcomes and operated through youths' own developing identities. Youths whose parents scored higher on an index of antisocial behavior were more likely to agree with partier and troublemaker labels. Traditional parenting factors, such as parental support and harsh parenting also influenced respondents' own trajectories of antisocial behavior. Thus, parental influence persisted net of young adult gainful activity (school, employment), parenthood, and intimate involvement.
The results of the current study highlight that parent-child relationships and their association with antisocial behavior remains fluid and dynamic well into adolescence and young adulthood. Parents are also implicated in the adoption of problematic identities which in turn are associated with antisocial behavior. Taken together, greater attention should be given to how parents shape and influence the trajectories of behavior among their adolescent and young adult offspring.
对青年幸福感的评估通常聚焦于组建家庭和就业经历，而忽视了父母潜在的重要且持续的作用。我们探讨父母的影响是否以及如何超越青少年时期。
利用托莱多青少年关系研究（TARS）（n = 1242）的纵向数据和多层次模型，分析考察传统育儿方式以及父母的问题行为史影响子女反社会行为轨迹的直接和间接方式。
父母的反社会经历影响青年的发展结果，并通过青少年自身不断发展的身份认同起作用。父母在反社会行为指数上得分较高的青少年更有可能认同派对参与者和捣蛋鬼的标签。传统育儿因素，如父母的支持和严厉育儿方式，也影响了受访者自身的反社会行为轨迹。因此，父母的影响在扣除青年的有益活动（上学、就业）、为人父母和亲密关系后依然存在。
当前研究结果突出表明，亲子关系及其与反社会行为的关联在青少年期和青年期直至成年都保持着动态变化。父母也与问题身份认同的形成有关，而问题身份认同反过来又与反社会行为相关。综上所述，应更加关注父母如何塑造和影响其青少年及青年子女的行为轨迹。
