German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
Faculty of Management Science and Economics, Leipzig University, Grimmaische Straße 12, Leipzig, 04109, Germany.
Ecol Appl. 2021 Jul;31(5):e02325. doi: 10.1002/eap.2325. Epub 2021 May 6.
Soil microbial community functions are essential indicators of ecosystem multifunctionality in managed land-use systems. Going forward, the development of adaptation strategies and predictive models under future climate scenarios will require a better understanding of how both land-use and climate disturbances influence soil microbial functions over time. Between March and November 2018, we assessed the effects of climate change on the magnitude and temporal stability of soil basal respiration, soil microbial biomass and soil functional diversity across a range of land-use types and intensities in a large-scale field experiment. Soils were sampled from five common land-use types including conventional and organic croplands, intensive and extensive meadows, and extensive pastures, under ambient and projected future climate conditions (reduced summer precipitation and increased temperature) at the Global Change Experimental Facility (GCEF) in Bad Lauchstädt, Germany. Land-use and climate treatment interaction effects were significant in September, a month when precipitation levels slightly rebounded following a period of drought in central Germany: compared to ambient climate, in future climate treatments, basal respiration declined in pastures and increased in intensive meadows, functional diversity declined in pastures and croplands, and respiration-to-biomass ratio increased in intensive and extensive meadows. Low rainfall between May and August likely strengthened soil microbial responses toward the future climate treatment in September. Although microbial biomass showed declining levels in extensive meadows and pastures under future climate treatments, overall, microbial function magnitudes were higher in these land-use types compared to croplands, indicating that improved management practices could sustain high microbial ecosystem functioning in future climates. In contrast to our hypothesis that more disturbed land-use systems would have destabilized microbial functions, intensive meadows and organic croplands showed stabilized soil microbial biomass compared to all other land-use types, suggesting that temporal stability, in addition to magnitude-based measurements, may be useful for revealing context-dependent effects on soil ecosystem functioning.
土壤微生物群落功能是管理土地利用系统中生态系统多功能性的重要指标。未来，在未来气候情景下开发适应策略和预测模型，需要更好地了解土地利用和气候干扰如何随时间影响土壤微生物功能。2018 年 3 月至 11 月，我们在德国巴特劳施泰特的全球变化实验设施（GCEF）中，评估了气候变化对一系列土地利用类型和强度下土壤基础呼吸、土壤微生物生物量和土壤功能多样性的幅度和时间稳定性的影响。在环境和未来气候条件（减少夏季降水和增加温度）下，从五种常见土地利用类型（包括常规和有机农田、集约和粗放草地以及粗放牧场）中采集了土壤样本，在德国中部干旱期过后的一个月（9 月），降水水平略有反弹，土地利用和气候处理的相互作用效应显著：与环境气候相比，在未来气候处理中，牧场的基础呼吸减少，集约草地的基础呼吸增加，牧场和农田的功能多样性减少，集约和粗放草地的呼吸/生物量比增加。5 月至 8 月期间降雨量低，可能会加强土壤微生物对 9 月未来气候处理的反应。尽管未来气候处理下集约和粗放草地的土壤微生物生物量呈下降趋势，但与农田相比，这些土地利用类型的微生物功能幅度更高，这表明改进的管理实践可以在未来气候下维持高微生物生态系统功能。与我们的假设相反，更多受干扰的土地利用系统会使微生物功能不稳定，集约草地和有机农田与所有其他土地利用类型相比，土壤微生物生物量更稳定，这表明除了基于幅度的测量外，时间稳定性可能有助于揭示对土壤生态系统功能的依赖于上下文的影响。
