Manzano Gonzalo, Subero Diego, Maillet Olivier, Fazio Rosario, Pekola Jukka P, Roldán Édgar
International Centre for Theoretical Physics ICTP, Strada Costiera 11, I-34151 Trieste, Italy.
Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Phys Rev Lett. 2021 Feb 26;126(8):080603. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.080603.
We introduce and realize demons that follow a customary gambling strategy to stop a nonequilibrium process at stochastic times. We derive second-law-like inequalities for the average work done in the presence of gambling, and universal stopping-time fluctuation relations for classical and quantum nonstationary stochastic processes. We test experimentally our results in a single-electron box, where an electrostatic potential drives the dynamics of individual electrons tunneling into a metallic island. We also discuss the role of coherence in gambling demons measuring quantum jump trajectories.
我们引入并实现了遵循传统赌博策略的“恶魔”，以便在随机时刻停止非平衡过程。我们推导了在存在赌博情况下平均功的类似第二定律的不等式，以及经典和量子非平稳随机过程的通用停止时间涨落关系。我们在单电子盒中通过实验验证了我们的结果，其中静电势驱动单个电子隧穿到金属岛的动力学过程。我们还讨论了相干性在测量量子跃迁轨迹的赌博“恶魔”中的作用。
